The Greek word "apnea" literally means "without breath." There are three types of apnea: obstructive, central, and mixed; of the three, obstructive is the most common. Despite the difference in the root cause of each type, in all three, people with untreated sleep apnea stop breathing repeatedly during their sleep, sometimes hundreds of times during the night and often for a minute or longer.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is caused by a blockage of the airway, usually when the soft tissue in the rear of the throat collapses and closes during sleep. In central sleep apnea, the airway is not blocked but the brain fails to signal the muscles to breathe. Mixed apnea, as the name implies, is a combination of the two. With each apnea event, the brain briefly arouses people with sleep apnea in order for them to resume breathing, but consequently sleep is extremely fragmented and of poor quality.
Sleep apnea is very common, as common as adult diabetes, and affects more than twelve million Americans, according to the National Institutes of Health. Risk factors include being male, overweight, and over the age of forty, but sleep apnea can strike anyone at any age, even children. Yet still because of the lack of awareness by the public and healthcare professionals, the vast majority remain undiagnosed and therefore untreated, despite the fact that this serious disorder can have significant consequences.
Untreated, sleep apnea can cause high blood pressure and other cardiovascular disease, memory problems, weight gain, impotency, and headaches. Moreover, untreated sleep apnea may be responsible for job impairment and motor vehicle crashes. Fortunately, sleep apnea can be diagnosed and treated. Several treatment options exist, and research into additional options continues.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP): CPAP works by gently blowing pressurized room air through the airway at a pressure high enough to keep the throat open. This pressurized air acts as a "splint." The pressure is set according to the patient's needs at a level that eliminates the apneas and hypopneas that cause awakenings and sleep fragmentation. Pressure that is too low will not be as effective in eliminating the apneas and hypopneas.
CPAP is the most effective method for treating obstructive sleep apnea. It can sometimes be hard to use, but any complaints about the comfort of the machine or mask can usually be addressed easily. Talk to your doctor or home care company representative about any discomfort you may have. For more information about different types of machines and masks, read the ASAA's web site.
Dear G,
I, Karl Loren, was diagnosed with Sleep Apnea several years ago.
It crept up on me gradually -- I had all the classical symptoms. I was overweight -- I snored. My wife could hear me, now and then, gasping for breath.
Since the insurance was going to pay I just went to my friendly Primary Care Physician -- he immediately scheduled me for the Sleep Apnea Test.
I went to this place for an all night sleep. For the first half ot the night they started me without a test mask. They attached all sorts of electrical sensors to my body - perhaps 20 of them. I understood that these would detect when I stopped breathing and what else was happening to my blood pressure, pulse and other indicators.
I slept == like I usually slept.
Then, about midnight, they woke me up and fitted on a "mask" so that air would be blown into my nose -- then back to sleep.
I got the report the next morning. Without the mask I was "waking up" from a sound sleep about 20 times every minute. I would wake up because I had stopped breathing, there was a sudden lack of oxygen, and the body's defense mechanism is to "gasp" for air -- that may awaken you or it may not.
I actually never realized this was happening.
In due course I got my sleep mask and the pump that sat next to my bed for the next five years.
When I went sailing in the Caribbean, in January 2005, I had to have a plug in my cabin to connect the mask. I took it on every trip I made and never slept without it.
Then, after some fateful events (click below to learn more) I just "forgot" to put on the mask a few nights.
I didn't even realize I had forgotten.
Then I remembered and wore the mask.
Then I forgot again.
Then I remarked about this to my wife?
Then I tried, deliberately NOT using the mask at all for several nights.
Then I didn't ask any doctor, I just stuck that mask in a drawer and have not used it now for many months.
Am I cured of sleep apnea? The doctors usually say you CANNOT cure sleep apnea -- it is a permanent problem except for some surgical remedies that might work.
I know I have more energy and sleep better. The big proof -- I don't snore anymore.
My wife really disliked the snoring before I got that mask. The sleep mask? She didn't like that much either because it caused a stream of air to be blown on her back, or face, depending on how we were laying.
So, I no longer wear that mask. I do not snore. I don't think I gasp for breath at night -- and I have more energy than I used to have.
How did this happen?
I've written about this -- at the link below.
See what you can learn?
Cordially,
Karl Loren
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