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Record 1 from database: MEDLINE
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- Title
- Polyphenols from Bulgarian medicinal plants with anti-infectious activity.
- Author
- Ivancheva S; Manolova N; Serkedjieva J; Dimov V; Ivanovska N
- Address
- Botanical Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia.
- Source
- Basic Life Sci, 1992, 59:, 717-28
- Abstract
- Three Bulgarian medicinal plants--Geranium macrorrhizum L. and G. sanguineum L. (Geraniaceae), and Epilobium hirsutum L. (Onagraceae) were analyzed phytochemically. Different polyphenols like flavonoids and tannis have been found to be principal constituents of the plants. A series of water or alcohol extracts was obtained, and their anti-infectious activity was tested. A significant inhibitory effect of water-alcohol extract and of four fractions from the polyphenolic mixture of E. hirsutum on the reproduction of influenza viruses in vitro, in ovo, and in vivo was established. Four extracts from G. macrorrhizum and three extracts from G. sanguineum were studied for in vitro inhibition of the growth of some Gram-negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), Gram-positive bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus), and fungus (Candida albicans). Some geranium extracts caused a strong increase of the survival rate in an infection with K. pneumoniae in mice. Augmentation of the nonspecific host resistance in relation to the influence of the extracts on the classical complement activation pathway was also studied.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 93038462
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Anti-Infective Agents|IP/*PD; Phenols|IP/*PD; Plants, Medicinal|*CH; Polymers|IP/*PD
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; Antifungal Agents|IP/PD; Antiviral Agents|IP/PD; Bacterial Infections|DT; Bulgaria; Chick Embryo; Complement Activation; Influenza|DT; Influenza A Virus, Human|DE; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Mycoses|DT
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0090-5542
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 2 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Indigenous phytotherapy of gastrointestinal disorders in a lowland Mixe community (Oaxaca, Mexico): ethnopharmacologic evaluation.
- Author
- Heinrich M; Rimpler H; Barrera NA
- Address
- Institut fÂur Pharmazeutische Biologie, Albert Ludwigs UniversitÂat, Freiburg, F.R.G.
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1992 Feb, 36:1, 63-80
- Abstract
- Gastrointestinal disorders are one of the major health problems in developing countries. Sixty-five plants used popularly in the treatment of such disorders in a Mixe Indian community in Oaxaca (Mexico) and collected during a fieldstudy of 15 months are described. According to indigenous criteria a plant is used in the treatment of a certain illness because of the plant's characteristic smell and taste. Plants with astringent properties are particularly valued to treat diarrhoea and dysentery. Bitter, aromatic and bitter-aromatic plants are especially employed to treat gastrointestinal cramps and pain. Additionally, the efficacy of these plants was evaluated using ethnobotanical, phytochemical and pharmacologic information on the plants. The majority of the plants contain chemicals that may produce the effects desired by the Mixe. Frequently tannin-containing drugs are used to treat diarrhoea and dysentery. A large number of the plants used by the Mixe in the treatment of gastrointestinal pain contain essential oil or bitter principles. As a result of this evaluation, plants were selected which should be studied phytochemically and pharmacologically with priority, to evaluate further their potential in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 92365397
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Gastrointestinal Diseases|PS/*TH; Indians, Central American|*; Medicine, Traditional|*; Plants, Medicinal|*/CH/CL
- MeSH Heading
- Diarrhea|TH; Dysentery|TH; Human; Mexico; Pain|TH; Parasitic Diseases|TH; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 3 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Traditional botanical remedies on a small Caribbean island: Middle (Grand) Caicos, West Indies.
- Author
- Halberstein RA
- Address
- Department of Anthropology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
- Source
- J Altern Complement Med, 1997 Fal, 3:3, 227-39
- Abstract
- A descriptive survey of 18 medicinal plants utilized on Middle (Grand) Caicos Island in the West Indies revealed that each species has multiple applications. Phytochemical constituents, ascertained from published sources, suggest pharmacological/physiological efficacy in the ethnomedical treatment of various disorders. Traditional preparation procedures may enhance the chemotherapeutic value of the plant derivatives, while at the same time reducing their potential toxicity. The majority of species used in Middle Caicos are also exploited in other cultures but often for very different purposes.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 98090191
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Medicine, Herbal|*; Plants, Medicinal|CH/CL/PH/*TU
- MeSH Heading
- Child; Female; Human; Infant; Male; Pregnancy; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; West Indies
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
- ISSN
- 1075-5535
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 4 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- A contribution to our knowledge of Leonurus L., i-mu-ts'ao, the Chinese motherwort.
- Author
- Hu S
- Address
- Source
- Am J Chin Med, 1976 Aut, 4:3, 219-37
- Abstract
- This article deals with the ethnobotanical aspects of the Chinese motherwort. Since time immemorial the Chinese people have used various parts of motherwort to meet different physical needs. By the time a written language was developed and the medical uses were recorded. , motherwort was treated as an article of superior quality. At present, under the name of i-mu-ts'ao, the plant is used for improving bloodflow both by official physicians and herbal practitioners throughout the country as well as by villagers in isolated areas. According to Chinese classical literature on materia medica, the early uses were limited to the parts of the plant which met the most obvious needs of the prehistorical people in their struggle for existence-food and pain reliever. Evidently, in their search for food, the ancient people found that the four nutlets contained in the dry and spinose calyx of the Chinese motherwort resemble the seasame seed in size and oil content. They gathered them and used them for food in similar manner as with the sesame. Consequently, they discovered the good effects to the eyesight, the improvement of strength, and the uplift of spirit. These discoveries led to the use of the seed of the species as an eye medicine for improving the eyesight, and as a tonic for the increase of strength and the elevation of spirit. Contagious skin diseases caused serious problems for the ancient people. The use of the leafy shoot for a bath to release the discomfort of itches and shingles was also recorded in the 42-word first medicinal record of the species in the earliest known Chinese materia medica-the Shen-nung pen-ts'ao-ching. Translators of the Chinese classics have included the records of i-mu-ts'ao. According to my knowledge, these works are all partial translations with the selections of the medicinal properties and the omissions on the methods of preparation. They have the outline and abandon the details. Consequently most of them are not clear. In order to provide complete information on the discoveries of the ancient Chinese people on the uses of i-mu-ts'ao, all the records up to the end of the sixteenth century are organized and translated under the following headings: (1) ecological and morphological observations; (2) preparations; (3) physical and therapeutical properties; (4) special prescriptions for internal and external uses-including pills for pregnant women, for mothers post partum, as an emmenagogue, and as a corrective agent, condensed liquid, powder, fresh juice, baby bath and washes, poultices, charred shoots, gargles, drops and cakes; (5) other economic uses-including cosmetics and food; and (6) etymology. The distribution of i-mu-ts'ao is significant in photogeography and in the nomenclature of the species. I-mu-ts'ao was purposely introduced from South China to Linnaeus in Sweden before the publication of the Species Plantarum in 1753. Linnaeus planted the seed in the botanical garden of the University of Uppsala...
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 77019301
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Plants, Medicinal|*/AH/CL
- MeSH Heading
- Blood Circulation|DE; China; Female; Human; Male; Plant Extracts|PD; Pregnancy
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0090-2942
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 5 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Records of usage or assays in Phyllanthus (Euphorbiaceae). I. Subgenera Isocladus, Kirganelia, Cicca and Emblica.
- Author
- Unander DW; Webster GL; Blumberg BS
- Address
- Division of Population Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111.
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1990 Oct, 30:3, 233-64
- Abstract
- References to either indigenous uses or the results of controlled assays are numerous for species of Phyllanthus (Euphorbiaceae). These citations have been arranged by subgenus, section, subsection and species and will be published as three separate papers, followed by a paper discussing the apparent clustering of some uses or effects within taxa. This paper, the first of the series, covers the subgenera Isocladus, Kirganelia, Cicca and Emblica.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 91080573
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Plants, Medicinal|*/AN/CL
- MeSH Heading
- Human; Medicine, Traditional; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, ACADEMIC
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 6 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Medicinal plants used for child's respiratory diseases in Zaire. Part I.
- Author
- Disengomoka I; Delaveau P
- Address
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1983 Sep, 8:3, 257-63
- Abstract
- Traditional Medicine, as practised by the populations of developing Countries such as ZaÁre, traditionally use mostly plants for various illnesses. Within 300 km radius around Kinshasa, 94 plants used by various tradipractitioners to treat respiratory diseases in children were collected. These plants are identified, and the writers underline the role the tradipractitioner plays in gathering ethno-botanical and ethno-pharmacognostic data.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 84066342
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Plants, Medicinal|*/CL; Respiratory Tract Diseases|*TH
- MeSH Heading
- Child; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Human
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 7 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Plant folklore: a tool for predicting sources of antitumor activity?
- Author
- Spjut RW; Perdue RE Jr
- Address
- Source
- Cancer Treat Rep, 1976 Aug, 60:8, 979-85
- Abstract
- The National Cancer Institute's record of "active plants" (extracts which showed a significant inhibitory effect in experimental tumor systems) was compared with plants reported in folklore to have medicinal or poisonous properties. The occurrence of active plants was found to be higher in plants reported in folk literature than in plants collected at random, suggesting a correlation between plants used in folklore and those with anticancer activity.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 77046955
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Folklore|*; Neoplasms|*DT; Plants, Medicinal|*/CL
- MeSH Heading
- Anthelmintics|TU; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Human; Plants, Toxic; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW
- ISSN
- 0361-5960
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 8 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Tabernaemontana L. (Apocynaceae): a review of its taxonomy, phytochemistry, ethnobotany and pharmacology.
- Author
- Van Beek TA; Verpoorte R; Svendsen AB; Leeuwenberg AJ; Bisset NG
- Address
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1984 Feb, 10:1, 1-156
- Abstract
- The taxonomy, phytochemistry, ethnobotany, and pharmacology of the genus Tabernaemontana L. (Apocynaceae) is reviewed. The genus is currently being revised taxonomically; most of the segregate genera are being reunited with it and the number of species that will ultimately be recognized will probably be about 100. All the names encountered in the chemical and ethnobotanical literature have been evaluated as far as possible, and a list is presented of the recognized species and their synonyms. The biogenesis and classification of the indole alkaloids found in Tabernaemontana species is set out and some problems in the determination of their stereochemistry are discussed. To facilitate access to the information, three lists have been compiled: the alkaloids in alphabetical order; the alkaloids in order of increasing molecular weight; and the alkaloids grouped according to their biogenetic classification, together with the species and plant part(s) in which they are known to occur. Biogenetic and chemotaxonomic aspects are briefly considered. A table of the non-alkaloidal constituents is also included. The ethnobotany of individual Tabernaemontana species is outlined and an overall assessment made. Likewise, information on the pharmacology of crude extracts and individual alkaloids from Tabernaemontana species has been assembled and appraised.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 84189921
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Plants, Medicinal|*/CL
- MeSH Heading
- Alkaloids|BI; Animal; Botany; Chemistry; Human; Medicine, Traditional; Plant Extracts|PD; Plants, Toxic
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 9 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Ethnopharmacologic investigation on tropane-containing drugs in Chinese solanaceous plants.
- Author
- Xiao PG; He LY
- Address
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1983 Jul, 8:1, 1-18
- Abstract
- The role of tropane-containing drugs derived from Solanaceae has long been recognized. This report deals with Chinese solanaceous plants, including historic, botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects. Our investigation revealed that this kind of drug is constantly being confirmed to be of true therapeutic value; however, further studies are in order.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 84038057
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Plants, Medicinal|*/AN; Tropanes|*AN/PD
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; China; Human; Medicine, Chinese Traditional
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 10 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Plants used by Mexican traditional medicine with presumable sedative properties: an ethnobotanical approach.
- Author
- Tortoriello J; Romero O
- Address
- Unidad de InvestigaciÆon BiomÆedica del Sur, Centro de InvestigaciÆon de Plantas Medicinales, IMSS, Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico.
- Source
- Arch Med Res, 1992 Aut, 23:3, 111-6
- Abstract
- An ethnobotanical study of plants used in Mexican traditional medicine was made. The source was the national inquiry done by the IMSS-COPLAMAR health program (1983-1985) in which the plants used to treat mental disorders were selected and analyzed, in order to select the most frequent botanical species used in traditional medicine as sedatives, anticonvulsants and hypnotics.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 93385764
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Hypnotics and Sedatives|IP/*TU; Mental Disorders|*DT; Plants, Medicinal|*/CL
- MeSH Heading
- Anticonvulsants|IP/TU; Human; Mexico; Nervous System|DE; Plant Extracts|IP/PD/TU
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0188-0128
- Country of Publication
- MEXICO
Record 11 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Medicinal plants used to treat malaria in Madagascar.
- Author
- Rasoanaivo P; Petitjean A; Ratsimamanga Urverg S; Rakoto Ratsimamanga A
- Address
- Institut Malgache de Recherches AppliquÆees, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1992 Sep, 37:2, 117-27
- Abstract
- Two-hundred thirty-nine Madagascan medicinal plants have been either retrieved from computerized ethnobotany information or identified in our own ethnomedicine work as having antimalarial properties. Such a high rate percent of plants compared to those used empirically to treat other diseases reflects the importance and the complication of this major tropical disease in Madagascar.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 93061113
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Antimalarials|*CH; Malaria|*DT; Plants, Medicinal|*/CH
- MeSH Heading
- Human; Madagascar
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 12 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Traditional medicinal plants used in the treatment of gastric ailments.
- Author
- Holdsworth D
- Address
- Source
- P N G Med J, 1978 Jun, 21:2, 175-83
- Abstract
- A recent paper discussed plants used in traditional medicine for fevers and malaria throughout Papua New Guinea (Holdsworth, 1975 a). This paper summarises information now available on plants used to treat gastric ailments, especially diarrhea and dysentery.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 79017227
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Gastrointestinal Diseases|*DT; Medicine, Traditional|*; Plants, Medicinal|*/AN
- MeSH Heading
- Alkaloids|AN; Diarrhea|DT; Dysentery|DT; Human; New Guinea
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0031-1480
- Country of Publication
- PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Record 13 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- A review of plants used in the treatment of liver disease: part 1.
- Author
- Luper S
- Address
- Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine: 2140 East Broadway Rd. Tempe, AZ 85282, USA. lupers@cwix.com
- Source
- Altern Med Rev, 1998 Dec, 3:6, 410-21
- Abstract
- Botanicals have been used traditionally by herbalists and indigenous healers worldwide for the prevention and treatment of liver disease. Clinical research in this century has confirmed the efficacy of several plants in the treatment of liver disease. Basic scientific research has uncovered the mechanisms by which some plants afford their therapeutic effects. Silybum marianum (milk thistle) has been shown to have clinical applications in the treatment of toxic hepatitis, fatty liver, cirrhosis, ischemic injury, radiation toxicity, and viral hepatitis via its antioxidative, anti-lipid peroxidative, antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, and liver regenerating effects. Picrorhiza kurroa, though less well researched than Silybum, appears to have similar applications and mechanisms of action. When compared with Silybum, the hepatoprotective effect of Picrorhiza was found to be similar, or in many cases, superior to the effect of Silybum.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 99072929
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Antioxidants|PK/*TU; Liver Diseases|*TH; Plants, Medicinal|AE/*TU; Silymarin|PK/*TU
- MeSH Heading
- Glucosides|TU; Human; Medicine, Herbal; Plant Extracts|AE/TU
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
- ISSN
- 1089-5159
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
- CAS Registry/EC Number
- 0 (Antioxidants); 0 (Glucosides); 0 (Plant Extracts); 22888-70-6 (Silymarin)
Record 14 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Parasitological and microbiological evaluation of Mixe Indian medicinal plants (Mexico).
- Author
- Heinrich M; Kuhnt M; Wright CW; Rimpler H; Phillipson JD; Schandelmaier A; Warhurst DC
- Address
- Institut fÂur Pharmazeutische Biologie, UniversitÂat, Freiburg, Germany.
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1992 Feb, 36:1, 81-5
- Abstract
- Medicinal plants are an important health resource in many regions of the Americas and are of particular importance to many Indian communities. Based on a recent ethnobotanical study in Mexico, we investigated the activity of 29 plant extracts against Entamoeba histolytica, three bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Micrococcus luteus) and two fungi (Cladosporium cucumerinum and Penicillium oxalicum). After separation of these extracts between CH2Cl2 and H2O the resulting phases were also evaluated.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 92365398
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Amebicides|*PD; Anti-Infective Agents|*PD; Antifungal Agents|*PD; Indians, Central American|*; Plant Extracts|*PD; Plants, Medicinal|*MI/*PS
- MeSH Heading
- Human; Medicine, Traditional; Mexico; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 15 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Survey of medicinal plants used as antimalarials in the Amazon.
- Author
- Brandão MG; Grandi TS; Rocha EM; Sawyer DR; Krettli AU
- Address
- LaboratÆorio de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de FarmÆacia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1992 Apr, 36:2, 175-82
- Abstract
- Plants traditionally employed for the treatment of malaria in certain areas of Brazil, where this disease is prevalent, were surveyed by interviewing natives and migrants in the Amazon Region. Forty-one plants used for malarial treatment and/or for the related symptoms (fever and liver disorders) were collected and identified. Given the potential of Brazil's forests and medicinal plants, research on traditional plant-based remedies in this country may lead to the development of new drugs.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 92301113
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Antimalarials|PD/*TU; Malaria|*TH; Plants, Medicinal|*/CH
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; Brazil; Female; Human; Male; Mice; Plant Extracts|PD/TU; Plasmodium berghei|GD; Plasmodium falciparum|GD; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 16 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Development of natural crude drug resources from Taiwan (X). Pharmacognostical studies on the Chinese crude drug "han-lian-cao".
- Author
- Chen JY; Lin CC; Namba T
- Address
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan.
- Source
- Am J Chin Med, 1992, 20:1, 51-64
- Abstract
- In a previous paper(1), it was reported that the drug "Han-lian-cao", in Taiwan was derived from the entire plant or aerial part of Eclipta prostrata L. and Alternanthera sessilis R. Brown. In this paper, the histological studies of "Han-lian-cao" derived from Wedelia and Hypericum plants, and of 3 species of Wedelia related plants distributed in Taiwan were made. The results showed that it was possible to classify these species by their external and internal characteristics. In addition, a key to the characteristics of the whole plants of Eclipta, Alternanthera, Wedelia and Hypericum plants are hereby given.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 92296072
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Botany|*; Plants, Medicinal|*AH/CL
- MeSH Heading
- Evaluation Studies; Human; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0192-415X
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 17 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Repertory of drugs and medicinal plants of Yemen.
- Author
- Fleurentin J; Pelt JM
- Address
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1982 Jul, 6:1, 85-108
- Abstract
- The traditional uses of plants for medicine were studied in the Yemen Arab Republic. To date, 130 medicinal plants have been identified and are presented in a table with the vernacular name, the geographical and ecological distribution, the medicinal use in Yemen and the pharmacological properties. Such a study of traditional medicine demonstrates the close relation between the medicinal plants and pathology.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 82270539
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Plants, Medicinal|*/CL
- MeSH Heading
- Human; Yemen
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 18 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Plants of Haiti used as antifertility agents.
- Author
- Weniger B; Haag Berrurier M; Anton R
- Address
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1982 Jul, 6:1, 67-84
- Abstract
- Haitian empirical medicine sprang from both European (16th to 19th century) and African (especially voodoo) traditional therapies. The use of medicinal herbs is highly developed. Our purpose was to list the plants held to be antifertility agents in the island. We identified about twenty species more or less currently used by the women as abortifacients or emmenagogues. The chemistry and active components of a few species are well-known. However, for most of them, some were partially studied, and no relation could be established between their chemical composition and their potential activities, and the rest are chemically unknown. We chemically screened extracts of Casearia ilicifolia, Eleutherine bulbosa, Rhoeo spathacea and Stemodia durantifolia, and identified flavonoids, triterpenes and sterols in the leaves of C. ilicifolia, and naphthoquinones, and a new anthraquinone, anthracene-9,10-dione-1,5-diol-4-methoxy-3-methyl-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester, in the bulbs of E, bulbosa. R. spathacea showed a stimulative activity on mouse uterus. Antifertility screening tests of C. ilicifolia and E. bulbosa showed activity in rats, but also probably toxicity.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 82270538
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Contraceptive Agents|*/IP; Plants, Medicinal|*/AN
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; Chemistry; Culture; Female; Haiti; Hormones|ME; Human; Magic; Mice; Ovum Implantation|DE; Oxytocics; Pregnancy; Rats; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 19 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- The development of pharmacological and chemical research for application to traditional medicine in developing countries.
- Author
- Farnsworth NR
- Address
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1980 Jun, 2:2, 173-81
- Abstract
- The resolution of the 31st WHO Assembly requests: (1) a complete inventory of medicinal plants, (2) evaluation of efficacy and safety of the plants, (3) standardization of the plants. This involves a great effort, not only from developing but also from industrialized countries, being a task which will take many years and the full-time dedication of many researchers. Any research on the use of plants in traditional medicine should be developed in the framework of the activity of WHO. An example of this type of collaboration is the organization of research on fertility regulating plants in which six universities in different regions of th world are interested. This work must be done in such a way that industry should play a role, because of its greater knowledge of modern technologies, which may lead to a better utilization of plants and their extracts, and its funding and marketing abilities.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 81097511
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Developing Countries|*; Medicine, Traditional|*; Plants, Medicinal|*/CL
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; China; Health Planning; Human; Plant Extracts|CL; World Health Organization
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 20 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Medicinal plants of the eastern region of Madagascar.
- Author
- Novy JW
- Address
- Center for Conservation Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA.
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1997 Jan, 55:2, 119-26
- Abstract
- Sixty-eight plants used in the traditional medicinal practices of the Betsimisaraka and Tanala peoples of the eastern region of Madagascar are reported. Preparations and utilizations of these medicinal plants are as varied as the plants themselves. Some of the plants discussed are known to science, but because of the diversity of tribal groups in Madagascar, new preparations and utilizations of these plants were based on the ethnobotanical data collected from the Betsimisaraka and Tanala. Many of the plants discussed remain to be chemically tested. Ethnopharmacological information is in danger of being lost in Madagascar as slash and burn agriculture destroys much of the forest, and the elder traditional healers, often illiterate, pass away without handing down their knowledge.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 97184855
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Ethnobotany|*TD; Plants, Medicinal|*/CH/CL
- MeSH Heading
- Databases, Factual; Human; Madagascar; Medicine, Traditional; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- IRELAND
Record 21 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- An examination of some reputed antifertility plants.
- Author
- Barnes CS; Price JR; Hughes RL
- Address
- Source
- Lloydia, 1975 Mar, 38:2, 135-40
- Abstract
- Solvent extracts prepared from 80 plant species reputed to show antifertility effects on human beings or from species closely related to such plants, showed no significant antifertility activity when fed to rats.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 75174116
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Contraceptives, Oral|*PD/TO; Plant Extracts|*; Plants|*; Plants, Medicinal|*/AN
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; Female; Fertility|DE; Human; Intubation, Gastrointestinal; Male; Plant Poisoning|MO; Reproduction|DE; Sex Behavior, Animal|DE; Species Specificity
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0024-5461
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 22 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Plants used in traditional medicine in eastern Tanzania. V. Angiosperms (Passifloraceae to Sapindaceae).
- Author
- Chhabra SC; Mahunnah RL; Mshiu EN
- Address
- Chemistry Department, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1991 May, 33:1-2, 143-57
- Abstract
- Sixty-one Angiosperms (Passifloraceae to Sapindaceae) are listed, which are used by traditional healers in five regions of Eastern Tanzania, namely, Coast, Dar es Salaam, Kilimanjaro, Morogoro and Tanga. For each species listed, the botanical name, vernacular name, collection number, locality, habit, distribution and medicinal uses are given. Additionally, information from the literature on medicinal uses, chemical constituents and pharmacological effects are also provided.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 92047517
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Medicine, Traditional|*; Plants, Medicinal|*/CH
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; Human; Tanzania
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, ACADEMIC
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 23 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Systematic and medicinal reasoning in Mitla folk botany.
- Author
- Messer E
- Address
- World Hunger Program, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912.
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1991 May, 33:1-2, 107-28
- Abstract
- This paper reviews cognitive, symbolic, systematic botanical, and biochemical bases of plant classification, and analyzes their interrelationships in the medicinal folk botany of Mitla, Oaxaca, Mexico. It evaluates the "pharmacological wisdom" of the local population, along with their symbolic use of the environment, to show how they construct medicinal plant classifications which follow a folk logic, but often conform as well to modern botanical classifications based on the principles of systematic botany or chemistry. Working from both the chemical data and the folk categories, the analysis suggests the local Zapotec population systematically selected plants which foam for symbolic reasons to treat illnesses of the "soul" and identifies their underlying chemical constituents and medicinal qualities. Other correspondences between chemical, medicinal and reputed folk qualities are also suggested.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 92047513
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Medicine, Traditional|*; Plants, Medicinal|*/CH
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; Culture; Human; Mexico; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 24 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Phytotherapeutic profile of Nigerian herbs. I: Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic agents.
- Author
- Iwu MM; Anyanwu BN
- Address
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1982 Nov, 6:3, 263-74
- Abstract
- From a survey of anti-arthritic remedies used in Igbo tribal ethnomedicine, three plants--Lonchocarpus cyanescens, Costus afar and Terminalia ivorensis--were selected for closer study. Twenty-five volunteers were monitored while receiving treatment from two reputable herbalists, and the result of the clinical investigation prompted the pharmacological and phytochemical studies on the herbs. Differential solvent extracts of the herbs reduced carragenin-induced oedema of the rat paw, checked diarrhoea due to arachidonic acid and castor oil, and ameliorated all signs associated with adjuvant-induced polyarthritis in rats. The constituent-activity relationship of the drugs and their probable mode of action are briefly discussed.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 83113608
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents|AN/*PD; Arthritis|*DT; Plants, Medicinal|*/AN
- MeSH Heading
- Aged; Animal; Arthritis, Adjuvant|DT; Chemistry; Diarrhea|CI/DT; Edema|CI/DT; Human; Mice; Middle Age; Nigeria; Rats
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 25 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Distribution and characterization of environmental promoter substances as assayed by synergistic Epstein-Barr virus-activating system.
- Author
- Ito Y; Tokuda H; Ohigashi H; Koshimizu K
- Address
- Source
- Princess Takamatsu Symp, 1983, 14:, 125-37
- Abstract
- The application of a new screening procedure which utilizes the synergistic effect of short-chain fatty acids and tumor-promoting diterpene esters enabled rapid and easy detection of environmental substances with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-activating/tumor-promoting potency. Over 500 samples were tested and more than 30 substances with such activities were identified. Most, if not all, were plant diterpene esters derived from Euphorbiaceae and Thymelaeaceae families and a few were indole alkaloids of microbial origin. We attempted to link these laboratory findings with those of epidemiological field studies on three virus-associated diseases, Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, which are known to have a peculiar geographical distribution. Our hypothesis was that EBV-activating/tumor-promoting substances might be present in the abundant areas where such diseases are endemic. We noticed that many active diterpene ester-containing plants are widely used as herbal medicaments in Africa and China and determined many plant species that had such activities. One example is Aleurites fordii, a plant commonly grown in Southern China for industrial purposes which yielded a potent promoter substance (12-O-hexadecanoyl-16-hydroxyphorbol-13-acetate, HHPA). The active diterpene esters were purified and their possible mechanism was studied from the view of receptor-binding, protein kinase C activation and transmembrane signaling.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 85104660
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Carcinogens, Environmental|*AN; Herpesvirus 4, Human|*DE; Virus Activation|*DE
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; China; Diterpenes|AN; Enzyme Activation; Human; Mice; Plants|AN; Plants, Medicinal|AN; Protein Kinases|AN; Receptors, Immunologic|AN; Skin Neoplasms|CI
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 26 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- The use of herbal remedies in Jamaica.
- Author
- Michie CA
- Address
- Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, University Hospital, Kingston, Jamaica.
- Source
- Ann Trop Paediatr, 1992, 12:1, 31-6
- Abstract
- A survey of paediatric inpatients at the Tropical Metabolism Research Unit in the University Hospital, Kingston, Jamaica demonstrates that 71% had been treated with herbal remedies before their presentation to the medical services. The risks of the high prevalence of such medication in children are outlined, and two remedies in particular are highlighted because of their potential toxicity.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 92296635
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Medicine, Herbal|*; Plants, Medicinal|*/CL
- MeSH Heading
- Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Human; Infant; Jamaica; Kwashiorkor|TH; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0272-4936
- Country of Publication
- ENGLAND
Record 27 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Chalcone tetramers, lophirachalcone and alatachalcone, from Lophira alata as possible anti-tumor promoters.
- Author
- Murakami A; Tanaka S; Ohigashi H; Hirota M; Irie R; Takeda N; Tatematsu A; Koshimizu K
- Address
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Japan.
- Source
- Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 1992 May, 56:5, 769-72
- Abstract
- Two chalcone tetramers were isolated as inhibitors of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-activation induced by a tumor promoter, teleocidin B-4, from a medicinal plant in tropical west Africa, Lophira alata (Ochnaceae). One of them was identified as lophirachalcone. The other, named alatachalcone, was new, and the structure was determined by spectral properties. Both compounds also showed potent inhibitory activities against teleocidin B-4-induced inflammation on mouse ear. In an initiation-promotion experiment on mouse skin, alatachalcone (16 nmol) significantly inhibited tumor promotion caused by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA, 1.6 nmol).
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 92330028
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Anticarcinogenic Agents|*IP/TU; Chalcone|*AA/CH/IP/PD/TU; Phenols|CH/*IP/PD; Plant Extracts|*IP/TU
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; Antiviral Agents|IP/PD; Female; Herpesvirus 4, Human|DE; Inflammation|CI/DT; Irritants; Lyngbya Toxins; Macromolecular Systems; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Plants, Medicinal|CH; Skin Neoplasms|CI/PC; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0916-8451
- Country of Publication
- JAPAN
Record 28 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Cytotoxicity of Fusarium species mycotoxins and culture filtrates of Fusarium species isolated from the medicinal plant Tribulus terrestris to mammalian cells.
- Author
- Abeywickrama K; Bean GA
- Address
- Department of Botany, University of Maryland, College Park.
- Source
- Mycopathologia, 1992 Dec, 120:3, 189-93
- Abstract
- Ayurvedic medicine, which uses decoctions made of medicinal plants, is used to cure diseases in many Asian countries including Sri Lanka. Although proper storage facilities for medicinal plants are unavailable in Sri Lanka, neither the potential for growth of toxigenic fungi nor their ability to produce mycotoxins in stored medicinal plants has been investigated. We isolated three Fusarium species, F. culmorum, F. acuminatum and F. graminearum from the medicinal plant Tribulus terrestris. Culture extracts of the 3 Fusarium spp. were cytotoxic to mammalian cell lines BHK-21 and HEP-2. Three toxic metabolites produced by Fusarium spp; T-2 toxin, zearalenone, and diacetoxyscirpenol were also cytotoxic to the mammalian cell lines. The 3 Fusarium spp. grown on rice media produced zearalenone. Plant material destined for medicinal use should be stored under suitable conditions to prevent growth of naturally occurring toxigenic fungi prior to its use.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 93156795
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Cytotoxins|AN/*TO; Fusarium|CH/*IP; Mycotoxins|AN/*TO; Plants, Medicinal|*MI
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; Cell Line; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Human
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0301-486X
- Country of Publication
- NETHERLANDS
Record 29 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Effects of three compounds extracted from Morinda lucida on Plasmodium falciparum.
- Author
- Koumaglo K; Gbeassor M; Nikabu O; de Souza C; Werner W
- Address
- DÆepartement de Chimie, UniversitÆe du BÆenin, LomÆe, Togo.
- Source
- Planta Med, 1992 Dec, 58:6, 533-4
- Abstract
- The effects of three compounds, digitolutein (1), rubiadin 1-methyl ether (2) and damnacanthal (3) extracted from the stem bark and the roots of Morinda lucida Benth. on the growth of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro were investigated. The number of parasites (schizonts) decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner, and 100% of inhibition was obtained with 30 to 40 micrograms of each compound tested. The IC50 values were calculated.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 93133958
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Anthraquinones|CH/IP/*PD; Antimalarials|CH/*PD; Plants, Medicinal|*/CH; Plasmodium falciparum|*DE
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; Human; Molecular Structure; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0032-0943
- Country of Publication
- GERMANY
Record 30 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Lead poisoning from Indian herbal medicine (Ayurveda) [see comments]
- Author
- Dunbabin DW; Tallis GA; Popplewell PY; Lee RA
- Address
- Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Sa.
- Source
- Med J Aust, 1992 Dec, 157:11-12, 835-6
- Abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To present a case of lead poisoning following ingestion of Indian herbal medicine. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 37-year-old man presented with a history of abdominal pain, anorexia and malaise. He had recently returned from a trip to India where he had been taking two different herbal tonics. Investigation revealed low-grade hepatitis and normocytic anaemia with prominent basophilic stippling. The blood lead concentration was high, and analysis of the herbal tablets revealed a very high lead content. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME: The patient required narcotic analgesia for abdominal pain and was treated with chelation therapy with calcium ethylenediaminetetra-acetate (calcium EDTA) for five days which resulted in a high urinary excretion of lead and resolution of his symptoms over a period of several days. CONCLUSION: Lead poisoning in Australia is usually the result of chronic industrial exposure, but practitioners should be aware of the possibility of poisoning from other domestic sources such as unglazed pottery, cosmetics and herbal remedies, especially those from Asia and India, in which lead may be present in high concentration. Patients from Asia who present with unexplained anaemia or abdominal symptoms should be asked about exposure to such sources.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 93086568
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Lead Poisoning|*ET; Medicine, Ayurvedic|*; Medicine, Herbal|*; Plants, Medicinal|*/CH
- MeSH Heading
- Adult; Arsenic|AN; Case Report; Human; Lead|AN; Male; Mercury|AN
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0025-729X
- Country of Publication
- AUSTRALIA
Record 31 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Ethnopharmacologic study of Chinese rhubarb.
- Author
- Peigen X; Liyi H; Liwei W
- Address
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1984 May, 10:3, 275-93
- Abstract
- This paper deals with an interdisciplinary study covering historic, botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of rhubarb and related species, to lay stress on the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical constituents and purgative activity. It was found that the official rhubarbs were exclusively restricted in the Sect. Palmata, e.g. Rheum palmatum, R. palmatum var. tanguticum, R. officinale; the following criteria may serve as their standard, viz., the presence of sennoside derivatives and rhein, the occurrence of the reduced form of rhein and aloe-emodin, the leaves with any kind of palmate incision. Comprehensive multivariate analyses showed that there is a very close relationship between the leaf incision, existence of sennosides or rhein and purgative activity.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 84269150
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Medicine, Chinese Traditional|*; Medicine, Oriental Traditional|*; Plants, Medicinal|*/AN; Rhubarb|*/AN
- MeSH Heading
- Anthraquinones|AN; Cathartics; Chemistry; Human; Plant Extracts|PD; Stilbenes|AN
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 32 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Herbal remedies of the Maritime Indians: phytosterols and triterpenes of 67 plants.
- Author
- Hooper SN; Chandler RF
- Address
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1984 Apr, 10:2, 181-94
- Abstract
- The phytosterols and triterpenes of the non-saponifiable lipid fraction of 67 local plants, many of which are Micmac and Malecite medicinal plants, were determined by comparing their relative retention times with those of known compounds on three different gas liquid chromatography columns. Results have been tabulated to indicate relative amounts. For many of these plants, sterols and triterpenes do not constitute a major proportion of the plant. The predominant sterol was beta-sitosterol and the predominant triterpenes were usually alpha- and beta- amyrin . A number of undetermined triterpenes were detected, some in relatively large amounts.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 84217894
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Phytosterols|*AN; Plants, Medicinal|*AN; Triterpenes|*AN
- MeSH Heading
- Canada; Human; Indians, North American; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 33 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Chronic pulmonary hypertension--the monocrotaline model and involvement of the hemostatic system.
- Author
- Schultze AE; Roth RA
- Address
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA.
- Source
- J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev, 1998 Oct, 1:4, 271-346
- Abstract
- Monocrotaline (MCT) is a toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid of plant origin. Administration of small doses of MCT or its active metabolite, monocrotaline pyrrole (MCTP), to rats causes delayed and progressive lung injury characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling, pulmonary hypertension, and compensatory right heart hypertrophy. The lesions induced by MCT(P) administration in rats are similar to those observed in certain chronic pulmonary vascular diseases of people. This review begins with a synopsis of the hemostatic system, emphasizing the role of endothelium since endothelial cell dysfunction likely underlies the pathogenesis of MCT(P)-induced pneumotoxicity. MCT toxicology is discussed, focusing on morphologic, pulmonary mechanical, hemodynamic, and biochemical and molecular alterations that occur after toxicant exposure. Fibrin and platelet thrombosis of the pulmonary microvasculature occurs after administration of MCT(P) to rats, and several investigators have hypothesized that thrombi contribute to the lung injury and pulmonary hypertension. The evidence for involvement of the various components of the hemostatic system in MCT(P)-induced vascular injury and remodeling is reviewed. Current evidence is consistent with involvement of platelets and an altered fibrinolytic system, yet much remains to be learned about specific events and signals in the vascular pathogenesis.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 98450117
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Endothelium, Vascular|*DE/PA; Hemostasis|*DE; Hypertension, Pulmonary|BL/*CI/ET; Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular|BL/*CI/ET; Monocrotaline|*AA/AE/*TO
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; Disease Models, Animal; Human; Plants, Medicinal|AE; Plants, Toxic|AE; Rats; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, ACADEMIC
- ISSN
- 1093-7404
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 34 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Artemisia tridentata (basin sagebrush) in the Southwestern United States of America: medicinal uses and pharmacologic implications.
- Author
- Kelley BD; Appelt JM; Appelt GD
- Address
- School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309.
- Source
- Int J Addict, 1992 Mar, 27:3, 347-66
- Abstract
- Artemisia tridentata (basin sagebrush) is discussed as a medicinal plant in the southwestern United States of America. Active constituents present in A. tridentata are listed, the pharmacologic implications of their presence are reviewed, and medicinal applications are tabulated. Further research to determine the status of A. tridentata as a medicinal plant is encouraged.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 92225750
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Plants, Medicinal|*/CH
- MeSH Heading
- Human; Medicine, Herbal; Plant Extracts|PD/TO/TU; Southwestern United States
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
- ISSN
- 0020-773X
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 35 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Medicinal plants used in some rural populations of Oaxaca, Puebla and Veracruz, Mexico.
- Author
- Zamora Martínez MC; de Pascual Pola CN
- Address
- Centro de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias del Distrito Federal, INIFAP, MÆexico.
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1992 Jan, 35:3, 229-57
- Abstract
- Within Mexico's floristic abundance, plants with curative properties are outstanding due to their popularity in handling several illnesses, a fact that becomes specially important for the social groups of the tropical regions. In this paper the results of an ethnobotanical study carried out in 57 rural populations from the Mexican states of Oaxaca, Veracruz and Puebla are presented; questionnaire and interview methods were applied, with special attention to the use of plants for medical purposes. The most relevant results were: the taxonomic determination of 237 vegetal species from which 399 curative products are obtained, in order to combat 57 illnesses, the most frequent of which are those related to the digestive system, the skin, the reproductive system and those of supernatural origin, which can only be treated by the use of plants in special ceremonies known as 'limpias', due to their peculiar condition.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 92194760
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Plant Extracts|*TU; Plants, Medicinal|*CL
- MeSH Heading
- Human; Medicine, Traditional; Mexico; Rural Health
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 36 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Chronic pulmonary hypertension--the monocrotaline model and involvement of the hemostatic system.
- Author
- Schultze AE; Roth RA
- Address
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA.
- Source
- J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev, 1998 Oct, 1:4, 271-346
- Abstract
- Monocrotaline (MCT) is a toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid of plant origin. Administration of small doses of MCT or its active metabolite, monocrotaline pyrrole (MCTP), to rats causes delayed and progressive lung injury characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling, pulmonary hypertension, and compensatory right heart hypertrophy. The lesions induced by MCT(P) administration in rats are similar to those observed in certain chronic pulmonary vascular diseases of people. This review begins with a synopsis of the hemostatic system, emphasizing the role of endothelium since endothelial cell dysfunction likely underlies the pathogenesis of MCT(P)-induced pneumotoxicity. MCT toxicology is discussed, focusing on morphologic, pulmonary mechanical, hemodynamic, and biochemical and molecular alterations that occur after toxicant exposure. Fibrin and platelet thrombosis of the pulmonary microvasculature occurs after administration of MCT(P) to rats, and several investigators have hypothesized that thrombi contribute to the lung injury and pulmonary hypertension. The evidence for involvement of the various components of the hemostatic system in MCT(P)-induced vascular injury and remodeling is reviewed. Current evidence is consistent with involvement of platelets and an altered fibrinolytic system, yet much remains to be learned about specific events and signals in the vascular pathogenesis.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 98450117
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Endothelium, Vascular|*DE/PA; Hemostasis|*DE; Hypertension, Pulmonary|BL/*CI/ET; Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular|BL/*CI/ET; Monocrotaline|*AA/AE/*TO
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; Disease Models, Animal; Human; Plants, Medicinal|AE; Plants, Toxic|AE; Rats; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, ACADEMIC
- ISSN
- 1093-7404
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 37 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Inhibition of HIV replication by Hyssop officinalis extracts.
- Author
- Kreis W; Kaplan MH; Freeman J; Sun DK; Sarin PS
- Address
- Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY 11030.
- Source
- Antiviral Res, 1990 Dec, 14:6, 323-37
- Abstract
- Crude extracts of dried leaves of Hyssop officinalis showed strong anti-HIV activity as measured by inhibition of syncytia formation, HIV reverse transcriptase (RT), and p17 and p24 antigen expression, but were non-toxic to the uninfected Molt-3 cells. Ether extracts from direct extraction (Procedure I), after removal of tannins (Procedure II), or from the residue after dialysis of the crude extract (Procedure III), showed good antiviral activity. Methanol extracts, subsequent to ether, chloroform and chloroform ethanol extractions, derived from procedure I or II, but not III, also showed very strong anti-HIV activity. In addition, the residual material after methanol extractions still showed strong activity. Caffeic acid was identified in the ether extract of procedure I by HPLC and UV spectroscopy. Commercial caffeic acid showed good antiviral activity in the RT assay and high to moderate activity in the syncytia assay and the p17 and p24 antigen expression. Tannic acid and gallic acid, common to other teas, could not be identified in our extracts. When commercial products of these two acids were tested in our assay systems, they showed high to moderate activity against HIV-1. Hyssop officinalis extracts contain caffeic acid, unidentified tannins, and possibly a third class of unidentified higher molecular weight compounds that exhibit strong anti-HIV activity, and may be useful in the treatment of patients with AIDS.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 91207058
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Antiviral Agents|*; HIV|AN/*DE; Plant Extracts|AN/*PD; Plants, Medicinal|*/AN; Virus Replication|*DE
- MeSH Heading
- Caffeic Acids|PD; Cell Fusion; Cells, Cultured; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Human; HIV Antigens|AN; In Vitro; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase|AN; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Tannins|AN
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0166-3542
- Country of Publication
- NETHERLANDS
Record 38 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Evaluation of indigenous plants in the treatment of acute shigellosis.
- Author
- Haider R; Khan AK; Aziz KM; Chowdhury A; Kabir I
- Address
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh.
- Source
- Trop Geogr Med, 1991 Jul, 43:3, 266-70
- Abstract
- The clinical efficacy of three indigenous plants was compared with that of ampicillin and placebo in a randomized double blind clinical trial. Eighty-two men with shigellosis were studied. Sixteen patients received dried unripe fruit powder of 'bel' (Aegle marmelos), 19 received dried powdered plant of 'thankuni' (Hydrocotyle asiatica), 15 received a similar preparation of 'gandhavadulia' (Paederia foetida), 15 received ampicillin and 17 received a placebo. Treatment with indigenous plants did not show any clinical improvement or bacteriological cure as compared to ampicillin. The natural history of shigellosis was obtained by documenting the response of the indigenous plants and placebo treated groups.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 92280033
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Dysentery, Bacillary|*DT/MI/PP; Medicine, Ayurvedic|*; Plants, Medicinal|*PH
- MeSH Heading
- Adolescence; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin|TU; Bangladesh; Double-Blind Method; Feces|MI; Human; Male; Middle Age; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Publication Type
- CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
- ISSN
- 0041-3232
- Country of Publication
- NETHERLANDS
Record 39 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Repertory of standard herbal drugs in the Moroccan pharmacopoea.
- Author
- Bellakhdar J; Claisse R; Fleurentin J; Younos C
- Address
- Association Al Biruniya, Rabat, Morocco.
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1991 Dec, 35:2, 123-43
- Abstract
- The traditional uses of plants for medicine were studied in Morocco. To this date, 231 medicinal plants belonging commonly to the Moroccan pharmacopoea have been identified and are presented in a table with the vernacular name in Arabic and/or Berber, the ecological distribution, the useful part and the medicinal use. The study of the main therapeutic indications of the medicinal plants gives a clear picture of the health problems which are treated by traditional medicine in Morocco.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 92236107
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Medicine, Traditional|*; Pharmacopoeias|*; Plants, Medicinal|*CL
- MeSH Heading
- Human; Morocco; Plant Extracts|TU
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 40 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Effect of Eupatorium odoratum on blood coagulation.
- Author
- Triratana T; Suwannuraks R; Naengchomnong W
- Address
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Source
- J Med Assoc Thai, 1991 May, 74:5, 283-7
- Abstract
- The purified compound, 4', 5, 6, 7-tetramethoxyflavone, is an active ingredient isolated from Eupatorium odoratum, a Thai indigenous plant that has long been used to stop bleeding. This compound was studied in vitro for the effect on blood clotting factor activities. It was found that the compound enhanced blood coagulation, the observed APTT being shorter than that observed in the control. The result suggested that the compound accelerated clotting time through the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation which may involve the reaction of factor XII, factor XI, factor IX or factor VIII.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 92148291
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Blood Coagulation|*DE/PH; Plants, Medicinal|*/CH
- MeSH Heading
- Flavones|PD; Human; Partial Thromboplastin Time; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Thailand
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0125-2208
- Country of Publication
- THAILAND
Record 41 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Bracken as a risk factor in digestive tract tumors: state of the art.
- Author
- Fernandes E; Orita K
- Address
- First Department of Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, Japan.
- Source
- Ann Ist Super Sanita, 1991, 27:2, 275-80
- Abstract
- The present knowledge of the risks of exposure to bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) is presented. The history of research on bracken toxicity is reviewed, covering the animal observations and chemical analysis, and focusing on the carcinogenic effects in various animal species and on the nature and biological properties of the known carcinogens. The implications of human exposure to bracken are inferred, the possible ways of contamination are discussed, and the existing epidemiological studies are commented. Bracken contribution to digestive tract tumors is deduced, and the need of further research on the plant toxicity and detailed epidemiological investigations with the exposed population is stressed.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 92095561
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Digestive System Neoplasms|EP/*ET/VE; Plants, Toxic|*/CH
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; Bladder Neoplasms|ET/VE; Brazil|EP; Carcinogenicity Tests; Cattle; Cattle Diseases|ET; Costa Rica|EP; Diet; Food Contamination; Hematuria|ET/VE; Human; Japan|EP; Mice; Milk; Mutagenicity Tests; Plant Extracts|TO; Plants, Medicinal|CH; Rats; Risk Factors; Sheep; Sheep Diseases|ET; Wales|EP
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
- ISSN
- 0021-2571
- Country of Publication
- ITALY
Record 42 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Plants used in Guatemala for the treatment of dermatophytic infections. 1. Screening for antimycotic activity of 44 plant extracts.
- Author
- Caceres A; Lopez BR; Giron MA; Logemann H
- Address
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of San Carlos Ciudad Universitaria, Guatemala.
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1991 Mar, 31:3, 263-76
- Abstract
- Skin infections are common diseases in developing countries, of which dermatophytoses are of particular concern in the tropics, especially in infants. Through ethnobotanical surveys and literature review 100 plants were detected as being used in Guatemala for the treatment of dermatophytoses. Of these, 44 plants were screened for in vitro activity against the most common dermatophytes (Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum). Results showed that aqueous extracts from 22 of the plants tested inhibit one or more of the dermatophytes. The most commonly inhibited dermatophytes were E. floccosum (43.2%), T. rubrum (36.0%), and T. mentagrophytes (31.8%); the less inhibited were M. canis (22.7%) and M. gypseum (24.0%). Plants of American origin which exhibited anti-dermatophyte activity were: Byrsonima crassifolia, Cassia grandis, Cassia occidentalis, Diphysa carthagenensis, Gliricidia sepium, Piscidia piscipula, Sambucus mexicana, Smilax regelii, Solanum americanum and Solanum nigrescens. Fungicidal and fungistatic activities as well as the minimal inhibitory concentration were demonstrated. These results provide a scientific basis for the use of these plants for the treatment of dermatophyte infections in man.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 91278488
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Antifungal Agents|*; Dermatomycoses|*DT/MI; Plant Extracts|*PD/TU; Plants, Medicinal|*AN
- MeSH Heading
- Fungi|DE; Guatemala; Human; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 43 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- An approach utilizing information from traditional medicine to identify tumor-inhibiting plants.
- Author
- Farnsworth NR; Kaas CJ
- Address
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1981 Jan, 3:1, 85-99
- Abstract
- The search for effective tumor inhibitors for human use from higher plants requires a well-organized, cost and time efficient system for the initial evaluation of plants for potential antitumor activity. Three fundamental approaches currently being employed for the selection of the 750 000 candidate species are discussed. These include random selection screening, the use of information from traditional medicine to gain an insight from existing indigenous preparations, and a review of published experimental data that indicate antitumor activity for extracts of plants. In addition, a fourth approach, involving a combination of the aforementioned methods is proposed. This approach is modeled after a program initiated by the World Health Organization for the purpose of screening and investigating indigenous plants for fertility regulation.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 81121009
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic|*; Medicine, Traditional|*; Plants, Medicinal|*CL
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; Human; National Institutes of Health (U.S.); United States
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 44 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Medicinal plants used in the Barros Area, Badajoz Province, Spain.
- Author
- Vázquez FM; Suarez MA; Pérez A
- Address
- Departamento de ProducciÆon Forestal, Finca La Orden, Guadajira, Badajoz, (Spain).
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1997 Jan, 55:2, 81-5
- Abstract
- A study of the wild and cultivated medicinal plants used in the Barros Area (southern Spain) is reported, 48 plants distributed among 20 different families are used in the treatment of various human diseases. The use of Bellis annua L. Centaurea ornata Wild., Leuzea conifera (L.) DC., Pulicaria paludosa Link and Asparagus aphyllus L. is reported.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 97184849
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Plants, Medicinal|*/CL
- MeSH Heading
- Data Collection; Human; Medicine, Herbal; Medicine, Traditional; Spain; Structure-Activity Relationship
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- IRELAND
Record 45 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Structure and toxicity of the alkaloids of Russian comfrey (symphytum x uplandicum Nyman), a medicinal herb and item of human diet.
- Author
- Culvenor CC; Clarke M; Edgar JA; Frahn JL; Jago MV; Peterson JE; Smith LW
- Address
- Source
- Experientia, 1980 Apr, 36:4, 377-9
- Abstract
- Eight pyrrolizidine alkaloids of hepatotoxic type have been indentified in leaves of Symphytum X uplandicum. The combined alkaloids exhibit chronic hepatotoxicity in rats.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 80201708
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Alkaloids|*/TO; Plants, Edible|*AN; Plants, Medicinal|*AN
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; Blood Proteins|AN; Comparative Study; Human; Lethal Dose 50; Liver|DE; Mass Fragmentography; Mitotic Index|DE; Rats; Structure-Activity Relationship
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0014-4754
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 46 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Epstein-Barr virus-activating principle in the ether extracts of soils collected from under plants which contain active diterpene esters.
- Author
- Ito Y; Ohigashi H; Koshimizu K; Yi Z
- Address
- Source
- Cancer Lett, 1983 Jun, 19:2, 113-7
- Abstract
- Soil samples were collected from the ground under the plants of Euphorbiaceae and Thymelaeaceae known to possess Epstein-Barr virus-activating diterpene esters. In a test system, the ether extracts of such soil samples at a concentration of 20 micrograms/ml induced Epstein-Barr virus early antigen in approximately 5-25% of the non-producer Raji cells. These findings suggest a possible interaction between plant-derived diterpene esters and the human system, and provide a new aspect in considering the cause of Epstein-Barr virus-associated diseases, particularly nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 83284827
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Diterpenes|IP/*PD; Herpesvirus 4, Human|*GD; Plants, Medicinal|*ME; Soil|*AN; Virus Activation|*DE
- MeSH Heading
- Cell Line; Human; Lymphocytes|MI; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0304-3835
- Country of Publication
- NETHERLANDS
Record 47 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Maternity and medicinal plants in Vanuatu. I. The cycle of reproduction.
- Author
- Bourdy G; Walter A
- Address
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Centre ORSTOM, NoumÆea, New Caledonia.
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1992 Oct, 37:3, 179-96
- Abstract
- Ethnobotanical data collection to select pharmacologically active species was carried out within a clearly defined therapeutic context: those plants used during the course of a woman's reproductive life. Extensive bibliographical and field data collection and cross-examination of the information thus gathered have provided us with a clearer picture of the effectiveness of these plant species. Various concepts, behaviours and practices relating to menstruation, pregnancy, birth and birth control were examined in detail from an ethnopharmacological point of view. A list of selected species of particular interest is proposed for further study.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 93086083
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Family Planning|*; Medicine, Traditional|*; Menstruation Disorders|*TH; Plants, Medicinal|*CL; Pregnancy|*
- MeSH Heading
- Female; Human; Infertility|TH; Melanesia; Puerperium
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 48 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Anti-AIDS agents. 30. Anti-HIV activity of oleanolic acid, pomolic acid, and structurally related triterpenoids.
- Author
- Kashiwada Y; Wang HK; Nagao T; Kitanaka S; Yasuda I; Fujioka T; Yamagishi T; Cosentino LM; Kozuka M; Okabe H; Ikeshiro Y; Hu CQ; Yeh E; Lee KH
- Address
- Natural Products Laboratory, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
- Source
- J Nat Prod, 1998 Sep, 61:9, 1090-5
- Abstract
- Oleanolic acid (1) was identified as an anti-HIV principle from several plants, including Rosa woodsii (leaves), Prosopis glandulosa (leaves and twigs), Phoradendron juniperinum (whole plant), Syzygium claviflorum (leaves), Hyptis capitata (whole plant), and Ternstromia gymnanthera (aerial part). It inhibited HIV-1 replication in acutely infected H9 cells with an EC50 value of 1.7 microg/mL, and inhibited H9 cell growth with an IC50 value of 21.8 microg/mL [therapeutic index (T. I.) 12.8]. Pomolic acid, isolated from R. woodsii and H. capitata, was also identified as an anti-HIV agent (EC50 1.4 microg/mL, T. I. 16.6). Although ursolic acid did show anti-HIV activity (EC50 2.0 microg/mL), it was slightly toxic (IC50 6.5 microg/mL, T. I. 3.3). A new triterpene (11) was also isolated from the CHCl3-soluble fraction of R. woodsii, though it showed no anti-HIV activity. The structure of 11 was determined to be 1beta-hydroxy-2-oxopomolic acid by spectral examination. Based on these results, we examined the anti-HIV activity of oleanolic acid- or pomolic acid-related triterpenes isolated from several plants. In addition, we previously demonstrated that derivatives of betulinic acid, isolated from the leaves of S. claviflorum as an anti-HIV principle, exhibited extremely potent anti-HIV activity. Accordingly, we prepared derivatives of oleanolic acid and evaluated their anti-HIV activity. Among the oleanolic acid derivatives, 18 demonstrated most potent anti-HIV activity, with an EC50 value of 0. 0005 microg/mL and a T. I. value of 22 400.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 98422513
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Anti-HIV Agents|CH/IP/*PD; Oleanolic Acid|*AA/CH/IP/*PD; Triterpenes|CH/IP/*PD
- MeSH Heading
- Cell Line; Human; Plants, Medicinal|CH; Plaque Assay; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0163-3864
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 49 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Herbal teas and populace health care in tropical China.
- Author
- Hu SY
- Address
- Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
- Source
- Am J Chin Med, 1997, 25:1, 103-34
- Abstract
- Commercial Chinese herbal tea is the development of the populace in tropical and subtropical China consequential to their fight against infectious diseases and their struggle to explore local plants to relieve fever, to alleviate pain, to restore strength and to modulate immunity against viral epidemics. From these ethnomedical experiences, two types of herbal teas were commercialized, namely, liangcha and medicated teas. Liangcha refers to a ready-made decoction infused from wild plants served in simple stores in cities and towns. Medicated teas are parcelled material prepared from crude drugs with or without tea (Camellia sinensis [L.] O. Ktze,), sold in colorful boxes and bags to people for use at home. Investigations of liangcha were made in Hong Kong and Macao, and studies for medicated teas were done from samples obtained in Chinese stores at Boston. A total of 127 source species of these herbal teas were identified and arranged in two alphabetical lists by the botanical names, each followed by an English common name in parenthesis, part used, frequency in samples, and family. External recognizing characters of medicated teas, discussions of problems encountered in identifying source species, relevant toxicities, and potential new vegetal pharmaceutical resources are given.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 97309588
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Beverages|*; Drugs, Chinese Herbal|CL/*TU
- MeSH Heading
- Boston; China; Ethnobotany; Hong Kong; Human; Macao; Plant Extracts|AE/CH/ME/TU; Plants, Medicinal|ME; Product Packaging; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing; Terminology; Tropical Climate; United States
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0192-415X
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 50 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Can ethnopharmacology contribute to the development of antiviral drugs?
- Author
- Vlietinck AJ; Vanden Berghe DA
- Address
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp (UIA), Belgium.
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1991 Apr, 32:1-3, 141-53
- Abstract
- In recent years, many compounds having potent antiviral activity in cell cultures and in experimental animals have been detected, but only a few have been approved by Western health authorities for clinical use. Nevertheless, some of these compounds are currently undergoing either preclinical or clinical evaluation, and perspectives for finding new interesting antiviral drugs are promising. Among these antiviral substances are several natural compounds isolated from plants used in traditional medicine including polysaccharides, flavonoids, terpenes, alkaloids, phenolics and amino acids. Some of these plant compounds exhibit a unique antiviral mechanism of action and are good candidates for further clinical research. What follows is a brief summary of the selection methods of plants for antiviral screening and in vitro and in vivo assays, which are currently used for detecting this activity in plant extracts. The importance of the plant kingdom as a source of new antiviral substances will be illustrated by presenting a survey on plant-derived antirhinovirus and anti-HIV agents.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 91350800
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Antiviral Agents|*PD/TU; Ethnology|*; Pharmacology|*
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; Drug Screening; Human; HIV|DE; Plants, Medicinal|AN; Rhinovirus|DE; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 51 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Phytochemical screening of a Warao pharmacopoeia employed to treat gastrointestinal disorders.
- Author
- Wilbert W; Haiek G
- Address
- Instituto Caribe de AntropologÆia y SociologÆia, FundaciÆon La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Caracas, Venezuela.
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1991 Aug, 34:1, 7-11
- Abstract
- A three-year medical-ethnobotanical investigation among the Warao of the Orinoco Delta in eastern Venezuela documented a pharmacopoeia of 100 plant species representing 45 families. Warao phytotherapists manipulate these plants in diverse manners to produce 259 remedies of various complexities to treat 52 classes of diseases/disorders. National health statistics indicate that gastrointestinal disease ranks as a principal cause of morbidity and mortality in this part of the country. Ten plant species, specifically employed by the Indians against these disorders, were subjected to phytochemical screening. Test results are listed together with the ethnoepidemiological protocol that governs the selection and administration of these medicinal plants in Warao society.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 92092744
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Gastrointestinal Diseases|*DT; Plants, Medicinal|*CH
- MeSH Heading
- Gastrointestinal Agents|AN; Human; Indians, South American; Medicine, Traditional; Pharmacopoeias; Venezuela
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 52 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Herbal medicines in Hawaii from tradition to convention.
- Author
- Norton SA
- Address
- RW Bliss Army Health Center, Fort Huachuca, AZ 85613, USA.
- Source
- Hawaii Med J, 1998 Jan, 57:1, 382-6
- Abstract
- The stories of kava and chaulmoogra demonstrate the importance of herbal products in ancient and recent Hawaiian medicine. Kava is a psychoactive beverage that has been used ceremonially for millennia throughout the Pacific. It is a nonfermented depressant that causes tranquil intoxication in which thoughts and memory remain clear. Its broad pharmacologic activity led to use in Hawaii to treat skin disorders and later in Germany to treat gonorrhea. Kava is now available outside the Pacific basin as a relaxant, emerging as a popular, albeit deritualized, natural product. In the late 19th century, the main treatment for leprosy was chaulmoogra, extracted from Hydnocarpus seeds. Chaulmoogra had been a traditional treatment for skin diseases in Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine. Chaulmoogra from Asian markets was expensive and usually adulterated so the USDA decided to plant Hydnocarpus in Hawaii. Joseph Rock, a botanist at University of Hawaii, trekked through southeast Asia collecting fresh seeds to plant on Oahu. Rock's trees provided chaulmoogra for leprosy patients on Molokai and elsewhere until it was replaced by dapsone. Chaulmoogra, once the treatment for leprosy worldwide, is now nearly forgotten; kava, once poorly known outside the Pacific, is now a widely-used alternative medicine. Hawaii will probably continue its role in the transition of plants from traditional use to conventional use.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 98170482
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Medicine, Herbal|*; Plants, Medicinal|*/AE
- MeSH Heading
- Anti-Anxiety Agents|AE/PD; Gonorrhea|TH; Hawaii; Human; Ichthyosis|ET; Leprosy|TH; Military Medicine; Plant Extracts|AE/PD
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
- ISSN
- 0017-8594
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 53 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- The medicinal flora of Native North America: an analysis.
- Author
- Moerman DE
- Address
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn.
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1991 Jan, 31:1, 1-42
- Abstract
- This paper describes an analysis of the plants of North America which have been used medicinally by Native North Americans. A method using regression residuals is developed for analyzing large quantities of data, divided into subgroups of varying sorts and sizes. The analysis shows that the medicinal species utilized by Native North Americans are distributed in a highly non-random fashion across subclasses and families as well as across groups defined in terms of growth habit and life pattern. This distribution makes sense in terms of both the defensive chemistry and the "complexity" of plants.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 91232229
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Indians, North American|*; Plant Extracts|*TU; Plants, Medicinal|*CL
- MeSH Heading
- Human; North America; Regression Analysis; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, ACADEMIC
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 54 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- The harmful potential of herbal and other plant products.
- Author
- Huxtable RJ
- Address
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson.
- Source
- Drug Saf, 1990, 5 Suppl 1:, 126-36
- Abstract
- Herbs, herbal products, food additives and other dietary supplements derived from plants are widely consumed in many countries. The literature on intoxications from such behaviour is increasing. This article reviews some of the factors predisposing to intoxication from the use of herbs, with examples drawn largely from pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing plants. Poisonings occur because of the misidentification of a plant, or the unknown or ignored toxicity of a correctly identified plant. Factors contributing to problems include the difficulties of identifying chopped, processed herbs or plant mixtures, persistent use of a toxic plant, variability in the toxic constituents of a plant, problems of nomenclature, adulteration and the difficulty in establishing the chronic toxic potential of a plant. Certain users of herbs are at high risk of intoxication. These include chronic users, those consuming large amounts or a great variety, the very young, fetuses, the elderly, the sick, the malnourished or undernourished and those on long term medication. Members of certain cultural groups in North America are also at higher risk. Certain plant toxins may be gender-selective in their action. To encourage discussion, some approaches to regulation are suggested, and some commonsense guidelines are given.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 90211646
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Medicine, Herbal|*; Plants, Medicinal|*AN
- MeSH Heading
- Drugs, Non-Prescription|PO; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
- ISSN
- 0114-5916
- Country of Publication
- NEW ZEALAND
Record 55 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Ethnopharmacology versus chemosystematics in the search for biologically active principles in plants.
- Author
- Gottlieb OR
- Address
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1982 Sep, 6:2, 227-38
- Abstract
- The chemicals to which Brazilian angiosperms owe their use in the preparation of arrow poisons, hallucinogens, fish poisons, drugs, stimulants, spices, perfumes and pigments are correlated with the systematic position of the species in which they occur. Most compounds are produced either by the primitive Magnoliidae (sensu Cronquist) or by the advanced Asteridae. The Rosidae-Dilleniidae, precisely the group of subclasses of widest distribution over the country, have heretofore yielded relatively few useful compounds. This fact can be rationalized by the presence in their species of massive quantities of gallo- and ellagitannins, general defences which make the presence of specific alleochemics superfluous. The natural occurrence of specific biologically active compounds is thus ecologically and systematically conditioned and it should be possible to build a system capable of predicting the existence and the nature of useful chemicals in plant taxa.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 83035383
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Medicine, Herbal|*; Pharmacognosy|*MT; Plants, Medicinal|*AN
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Chemistry; Condiments|AN; Evolution; Fishes|PH; Hallucinogens; Human; Oils, Volatile|PD; Pigments|PD; Poisons; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 56 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Antimalarial activity of some plant remedies in use in Marracuene, southern Mozambique.
- Author
- Jurg A; Tomás T; Pividal J
- Address
- Department of Traditional Medicine, National Health Institute, Maputo, Mozambique.
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1991 May, 33:1-2, 79-83
- Abstract
- Two plants, Spirostachys africana and Bridelia cathartica, were selected for investigation on the basis of a clinical study of four herbal antimalarial remedies used in southern Mozambique. Petroleum ether, ethanol and aqueous extracts were tested for activity in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum. Crude ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the root and the ethanolic extract of the stem of B. cathartica caused a 50% inhibition of parasite growth at an incubation concentration of 0.05 microgram/ml.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 92047533
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Antimalarials|*PD; Plants, Medicinal|*CH
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; Chloroquine|PD; Erythrocytes|DE/PS; Ethanol; Ethers; Human; In Vitro; Malaria, Falciparum|DT/PS; Medicine, Traditional; Mozambique; Plant Extracts|PD; Plasmodium falciparum|DE; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Water
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 57 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Past and present herbs used to treat cancer: medicine, magic, or poison?
- Author
- Montbriand MJ
- Address
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan in Saskatoon, Canada.
- Source
- Oncol Nurs Forum, 1999 Jan, 26:1, 49-60; quiz 61-2
- Abstract
- PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To provide an overview of the past and present use of herbs, thereby dispelling the belief that herbs are secret cancer remedies unknown to or ignored by the biomedical community. DATA SOURCES: Historical and current pharmacy, medical, and nursing literature. DATA SYNTHESIS: More than 3,000 species of herbs used in treating cancer since 2838 BC are known to biomedicine, yet popular lay literature persists in perpetrating the myth that medicine has ignored the potential uses of herbs. Secrecy about herbs has been fashionable since the Middle Ages. Magical and virtuous herbs, named in a book of secrets from that age, are examined for their historical and current use in cancer treatment. Popular unproven herbs, as well as proven herbs used in chemotherapy, also are discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Greater accessibility to information about the use of herbs historically, popularly, and currently would help dispel the secrecy, giving healthcare professionals and patients and opportunity to make informed choices. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Nurses with knowledge of herbs can be valuable resources to patients and professional colleagues. Members of the professional community (nurses, doctors, pharmacists, and social workers) need to take collegial responsibility in informing each other and their patients about herbs, including their potential risks, possible benefits, and antidotes for overdose.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 99120136
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Neoplasms|*TH; Oncologic Nursing|*; Plants, Medicinal|CL/*TU
- MeSH Heading
- Human
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
- ISSN
- 0190-535X
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 58 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Ayahuasca preparations and serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a potential combination for severe adverse interactions.
- Author
- Callaway JC; Grob CS
- Address
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kuopio, Finland.
- Source
- J Psychoactive Drugs, 1998 Oct, 30:4, 367-9
- Abstract
- The Amazonian psychoactive plant beverage ayahuasca has attracted increasing interest in recent years. Little attention has been given, however, to potentially dangerous interactions with other drugs. In particular, the interaction between the potent monoamine oxidase-inhibiting harmala alkaloids in ayahuasca and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class of antidepressants may induce a serotonin syndrome with potentially grave outcome. Caution is advised when combining ayahuasca with certain pharmaceutical drugs.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 99122230
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Plants, Medicinal|*AE/CH; Serotonin Syndrome|*CI/PX; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors|*AE
- MeSH Heading
- Adult; Brazil; Drug Interactions; Fluoxetine|AE; Human; Male
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0279-1072
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 59 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Baicalein, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor from Scutellaria baicalensis.
- Author
- Nishioka T; Kawabata J; Aoyama Y
- Address
- Department of Bioscience and Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan.
- Source
- J Nat Prod, 1998 Nov, 61:11, 1413-5
- Abstract
- Methanol extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis, Rheum officinale, and Paeonia suffruticosa showed potent inhibitory activity against rat intestinal sucrase. The active principles were identified as baicalein from the first and methyl gallate from the last two plants. In addition to its activity against the rat enzyme, baicalein also inhibited human intestinal sucrase expressed in Caco-2 cells.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 99055039
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Enzyme Inhibitors|*IP/PD; Flavones|*IP/PD; Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase|*AI; Plants, Medicinal|*CH
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; Caco-2 Cells|CACO CELLS 002; Human; In Vitro; Intestines|DE/EN; Male; Rats; Sucrase|AI; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0163-3864
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
- CAS Registry/EC Number
- EC 3.2.1.3 (Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase); EC 3.2.1.48 (Sucrase); 0 (Enzyme Inhibitors); 0 (Flavones); 491-67-8 (baicalein)
Record 60 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Phenylethanoid glycosides from Digitalis purpurea and Penstemon linarioides with PKCalpha-inhibitory activity.
- Author
- Zhou BN; Bahler BD; Hofmann GA; Mattern MR; Johnson RK; Kingston DGI
- Address
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0212, USA.
- Source
- J Nat Prod, 1998 Nov, 61:11, 1410-2
- Abstract
- In a continuation of our search for potential tumor inhibitors from plants, it was found that the CH2Cl2-MeOH (1:1) extracts from Digitalis purpurea and Penstemon linarioides both showed PKCalpha-inhibitory bioactivity. Bioassay-directed fractionation of the extract from D. purpurea yielded the new, weakly active phenylethanoid glycoside 2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl-O-(alpha-L-rhamnosyl)-(1-->3) -O- (alpha-L-rhamnosyl)-(1-->6)-4-O-E-feruloyl-bet a-D-glucopy ran oside (1) together with the four known compounds calceolarioside A (2), calceolarioside B (3), forsythiaside (4), and plantainoside D (5). The extract from P. linarioides yielded the three known glycosides leucosceptoside A (6), acteoside (7), and poliumoside (8), together with the iridoid plantarenaloside (9). All of the isolated compounds, except compound 9, showed inhibitory activity against PKCalpha with IC50 values (in microM) of 125 (1), 0.6 (2), 4.6 (3), 1.9 (4), 14.8 (5), 19.0 (6), 9.3 (7), and 24.4 (8).
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 99055038
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Digitalis|*CH; Enzyme Inhibitors|*IP/PD; Glycosides|*IP/PD; Isoenzymes|*AI; Plants, Medicinal|*CH; Protein Kinase C|*AI
- MeSH Heading
- Human; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0163-3864
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
- CAS Registry/EC Number
- EC 2.7.1.- (protein kinase C alpha); EC 2.7.1.- (Protein Kinase C); 0 (Enzyme Inhibitors); 0 (Glycosides); 0 (Isoenzymes)
Record 61 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Inhibitory activity of unsaturated fatty acids and anacardic acids toward soluble tissue factor-factor VIIa complex.
- Author
- Wang D; Girard TJ; Kasten TP; LaChance RM; Miller-Wideman MA; Durley RC
- Address
- Searle Discovery Research, Monsanto Company, 700 Chesterfield Parkway North, St. Louis, Missouri 63198, USA.
- Source
- J Nat Prod, 1998 Nov, 61:11, 1352-5
- Abstract
- Five compounds, which inhibited the amidolytic activity of soluble tissue factor/activated factor VII complex (sTF/VIIa), were isolated from two traditional Chinese medicinal plants commonly used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The active compounds were found to be linolenic, linoleic, and oleic acids from roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza; and two anacardic acids, 6-(8'Z-pentadecenyl)- and 6-(10'Z-heptadecenyl)-salicylic acids, from leaves of Ginkgo biloba. The IC50 values were in the range 30-80 micromol/L. Palmitic acid, isolated from roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza, and 2-[(3',7',11',15'-tetramethyl)-2'E,6'E,1 0'E, 14'E-hexadecatetraenyl]-1,4-hydroquinone, isolated from the marine sponge Adocia viola, did not inhibit sTF/VIIa. Further expansion of the structure-activity relationship to include anacardic acids, 6-(8'Z,11'Z-heptadecadienyl)- and 6-(8'Z, 11'Z, 14'Z-heptadecatrienyl)-salicylic acids from leaves of Anacardium spondias, and other fatty acids demonstrated that at least one cis double bond was essential for inhibitory activity, and that fatty acids containing two or three cis double bonds were optimal. Evidence from preincubation studies implied that these fatty acids may exert their effect by binding to VIIa and consequently preventing binding of sTF to VIIa.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 99055023
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Enzyme Inhibitors|*PD; Factor VIIa|*AI; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated|*PD; Salicylic Acids|*PD
- MeSH Heading
- Human; Plant Extracts|CH; Plant Roots|CH; Plants, Medicinal|CH; Recombinant Proteins|CH; Trypsin Inhibitors|IP/PD
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0163-3864
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
- CAS Registry/EC Number
- EC 3.4.21.21 (Factor VIIa); 0 (Enzyme Inhibitors); 0 (Fatty Acids, Unsaturated); 0 (Plant Extracts); 0 (Recombinant Proteins); 0 (Salicylic Acids); 0 (Trypsin Inhibitors); 18654-18-7 (anacardic acid)
Record 62 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Proteins with abortifacient, ribosome inactivating, immunomodulatory, antitumor and anti-AIDS activities from Cucurbitaceae plants.
- Author
- Ng TB; Chan WY; Yeung HW
- Address
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong.
- Source
- Gen Pharmacol, 1992 Jul, 23:4, 579-90
- Abstract
- 1. The biochemical characteristics and biological activities of eight Cucurbitaceae plant proteins designated trichosanthin (isolated from tubers of Trichosanthes kirilowii), beta-trichosanthin (isolated from tubers of Trichosanthes cucumeroides), alpha- and beta-momorcharins (isolated from seeds of Momordica charantia), momorchochin (isolated from tubers of Momordica cochinchinensis), luffaculin (isolated from seeds of Luffa acutangula) and luffin-a and luffin-b (isolated from seeds of Luffa cylindrica), were reviewed. 2. The isolation procedures for all eight proteins are based on aqueous extraction, acetone fractionation and ion exchange chromatography. Ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration are steps which may be included to improve purification. 3. The proteins are basic in nature and possess a molecular weight of approx. 30,000. All except trichosanthin are glycoproteins. The content of Asx and Glx residues is high. The N-terminal amino acid residue is Asp. Their amino acid compositions and N-terminal amino acid sequences are similar. 4. Circular dichroism spectroscopic studies revealed that trichosanthin, alpha- and beta-momorcharins possess similar secondary but different tertiary structures. 5. Most of the proteins are immunologically distinct. 6. The proteins exhibit abortifacient, antitumor, ribosome inactivating and immunomodulatory activities. Trichosanthin manifests anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 93012797
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Abortifacient Agents|*PD; Adjuvants, Immunologic|*PD; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic|*PD; HIV|*DE; Plant Proteins|*PD; Plants, Medicinal|*CH; Ribosomes|*DE
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; Human
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
- ISSN
- 0306-3623
- Country of Publication
- ENGLAND
Record 63 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Phytochemical screening of Tanzanian medicinal plants. I.
- Author
- Chhabra SC; Uiso FC; Mshiu EN
- Address
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1984 Jul, 11:2, 157-79
- Abstract
- To evaluate traditional medicine, which is an important part of the health-care system in Tanzania, three different regions, Coast, Morogoro and Kilimanjaro were surveyed for the herbs used by traditional healers. For each species, the botanical name, vernacular name, collection number and medical uses are given. Phytochemical screening of the 52 plant samples collected representing 49 species, 42 genera and 28 families was carried out. The analyses indicated that 94% plant samples contained steroids/triterpenoids, 50% saponins, 40% carotenoids and 17% alkaloids.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 85035052
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Medicine, Herbal|*; Plants, Medicinal|*AN
- MeSH Heading
- Alkaloids|AN; Carotenoids|AN; Human; Saponins|AN; Tanzania; Terpenes|AN
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 64 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Tea tree oil allergy: what is the offending agent? Report of three cases of tea tree oil allergy and review of the literature.
- Author
- Rubel DM; Freeman S; Southwell IA
- Address
- Skin and Cancer Foundation, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
- Source
- Australas J Dermatol, 1998 Nov, 39:4, 244-7
- Abstract
- Tea tree oil is currently enjoying popularity as a 'cure-all' for a variety of skin conditions, from infections to psoriasis, and many household and personal products containing Melaleuca oil are available. However, despite its chemical complexities and enthusiastic use, there have been only a few reports of allergic reactions to tea tree oil. At the Skin and Cancer Foundation (Sydney, NSW, Australia), three of 28 normal volunteers tested strongly positive to patch testing with tea tree oil. Following further patch testing with tea tree oil constituents, all three patients reacted strongly to two preparations containing sesquiterpenoid fractions of the oil. Because patients often neglect to mention that they have used 'natural' remedies, it is important that physicians are aware of the potential adverse effects of these products. Furthermore, identification of the allergenic ingredients in tea tree oil may assist the growing industry to produce safer products.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 99056101
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Dermatitis, Contact|*ET; Oils, Volatile|*AE/*AN; Plant Oils|*AE/*AN; Plants, Medicinal|*AE/CH
- MeSH Heading
- Adult; Drug Hypersensitivity|PA; Human; Ointments; Patch Tests; Sesquiterpenes|AE/AN; Terpenes|AE/AN
- Publication Type
- CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
- ISSN
- 0004-8380
- Country of Publication
- AUSTRALIA
Record 65 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- St John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum)--a herbal antidepressant.
- Author
- Hippius H
- Address
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Munich, Germany.
- Source
- Curr Med Res Opin, 1998, 14:3, 171-84
- Abstract
- A number of clinical studies conducted over the past few years have indicated that whole extract of St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) has antidepressant effects. The herbal antidepressant St John's wort offers promising results in the treatment of patients with mild and moderate depression (response rate of 60-70% estimated by analysis of pooled data). St John's wort preparations are well tolerated. Their use rarely leads to adverse drug reactions which, when they do occur, are mainly subjective symptoms (e.g. gastrointestinal, dizziness). The generally good tolerability of St John's wort preparations and the resulting high patient compliance in taking the prescribed medication, in conjunction with their efficacy in mild and moderate depression, make these preparations particularly suitable for use in outpatient practice. Tolerability is also very good in elderly patients. If a sufficiently high-dose course of treatment with St John's wort preparations (900 mg daily) does not lead to a clear improvement in depression after four to six weeks, therapy should be continued with an established ('classical') antidepressant.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 99004251
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Depressive Disorder|CL/DI/*DT; Plants, Medicinal|CH/*TU; Theales|CH/*TU
- MeSH Heading
- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Human; Research Design; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; META-ANALYSIS
- ISSN
- 0300-7995
- Country of Publication
- ENGLAND
Record 66 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Studies on differentiation-inducing activities of triterpenes.
- Author
- Umehara K; Takagi R; Kuroyanagi M; Ueno A; Taki T; Chen YJ
- Address
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Japan.
- Source
- Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo), 1992 Feb, 40:2, 401-5
- Abstract
- Differentiation-inducing activity of over 180 extracts of crude drugs and plants was tested using mouse myeloid leukemia cell line (M1). The methanol extracts of clove (Syzygium aromaticum Merrill et Perry, Myrtaceae) showed remarkable induction of differentiation of M1 cells into macrophage-like cells. From the extract, oleanolic acid (1) and crategolic acid (2) were isolated as the active components. We also tested other triterpenes, such as oleananes, ursanes and dammaranes, to investigate the structure-activity relationship. Some triterpene aglycones showed differentiation-inducing activity, but triterpene glycosides showed little activity. Furthermore, the differentiation-inducing activity of these triterpene compounds was tested against human acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60).
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 92298448
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Leukemia, Myeloid|*PA; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute|*PA; Plants, Medicinal|*CH; Triterpenes|*PD
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; Cell Differentiation|DE; Cell Division|DE; Granulocytes|DE; Human; Macrophages|DE; Mice; Oleanolic Acid|PD; Phagocytosis|DE; Plant Extracts|PD; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0009-2363
- Country of Publication
- JAPAN
Record 67 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Echinacea root extracts for the prevention of upper respiratory tract infections: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial.
- Author
- Melchart D; Walther E; Linde K; Brandmaier R; Lersch C
- Address
- Center for Complementary Medicine Research, Technische UniversitÂat, Munich, Germany. Muenchener.Modell@lrz.uni-muenchen.de
- Source
- Arch Fam Med, 1998 Nov, 7:6, 541-5
- Abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety and efficacy of 2 extracts of echinacea for preventing upper respiratory tract infections. DESIGN: Three-armed, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Four military institutions and 1 industrial plant. PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred two volunteers without acute illness at time of enrollment. INTERVENTIONS: Ethanolic extract from Echinacea purpurea roots, Echinacea angustifolia roots, or placebo, given orally for 12 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Time until the first upper respiratory tract infection (time to event). Secondary outcome measures were the number of participants with at least 1 infection, global assessment, and adverse effects. RESULTS: The time until occurrence of the first upper respiratory tract infection was 66 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 61-72 days) in the E angustifolia group, 69 days (95% CI, 64-74 days) in the E purpurea group, and 65 days (95% CI, 59-70 days) in the placebo group (P = .49). In the placebo group, 36.7% had an infection. In the treatment groups, 32.0% in the E angustifolia group (relative risk compared with placebo, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.59-1.30) and 29.3% in the E purpurea group (relative risk compared with placebo, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.53-1.31) had an infection. Participants in the treatment groups believed that they had more benefit from the medication than those in the placebo group (P = .04). Adverse effects were reported by 18 subjects in the E angustifolia group, 10 in the E purpurea group, and 11 in the placebo group. CONCLUSION: In this study a prophylactic effect of the investigated echinacea extracts could not be shown. However, based on the results of this and 2 other studies, one could speculate that there might be an effect of echinacea products in the order of magnitude of 10% to 20% relative risk reduction. Future studies with much larger sample sizes would be needed to prove this effect.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 99037590
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Plants, Medicinal|AE/*TU; Respiratory Tract Infections|*PC
- MeSH Heading
- Adult; Double-Blind Method; Female; Germany; Human; Male; Middle Age; Plant Extracts|TU; Plant Roots|TU; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Voluntary Workers
- Publication Type
- CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
- ISSN
- 1063-3987
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 68 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Echinacea root extracts for the prevention of upper respiratory tract infections: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial.
- Author
- Melchart D; Walther E; Linde K; Brandmaier R; Lersch C
- Address
- Center for Complementary Medicine Research, Technische UniversitÂat, Munich, Germany. Muenchener.Modell@lrz.uni-muenchen.de
- Source
- Arch Fam Med, 1998 Nov, 7:6, 541-5
- Abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety and efficacy of 2 extracts of echinacea for preventing upper respiratory tract infections. DESIGN: Three-armed, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Four military institutions and 1 industrial plant. PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred two volunteers without acute illness at time of enrollment. INTERVENTIONS: Ethanolic extract from Echinacea purpurea roots, Echinacea angustifolia roots, or placebo, given orally for 12 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Time until the first upper respiratory tract infection (time to event). Secondary outcome measures were the number of participants with at least 1 infection, global assessment, and adverse effects. RESULTS: The time until occurrence of the first upper respiratory tract infection was 66 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 61-72 days) in the E angustifolia group, 69 days (95% CI, 64-74 days) in the E purpurea group, and 65 days (95% CI, 59-70 days) in the placebo group (P = .49). In the placebo group, 36.7% had an infection. In the treatment groups, 32.0% in the E angustifolia group (relative risk compared with placebo, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.59-1.30) and 29.3% in the E purpurea group (relative risk compared with placebo, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.53-1.31) had an infection. Participants in the treatment groups believed that they had more benefit from the medication than those in the placebo group (P = .04). Adverse effects were reported by 18 subjects in the E angustifolia group, 10 in the E purpurea group, and 11 in the placebo group. CONCLUSION: In this study a prophylactic effect of the investigated echinacea extracts could not be shown. However, based on the results of this and 2 other studies, one could speculate that there might be an effect of echinacea products in the order of magnitude of 10% to 20% relative risk reduction. Future studies with much larger sample sizes would be needed to prove this effect.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 99037590
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Plants, Medicinal|AE/*TU; Respiratory Tract Infections|*PC
- MeSH Heading
- Adult; Double-Blind Method; Female; Germany; Human; Male; Middle Age; Plant Extracts|TU; Plant Roots|TU; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Voluntary Workers
- Publication Type
- CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
- ISSN
- 1063-3987
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 69 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Immunomodulatory activity of three Sri-Lankan medicinal plants used in hepatic disorders.
- Author
- Thabrew MI; de Silva KT; Labadie RP; de Bie PA; van der Berg B
- Address
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri-Lanka.
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1991 May, 33:1-2, 63-6
- Abstract
- The effects of aqueous extracts of Osbeckia octandra whole plant, Melothria maderaspatana whole plant and Phyllanthus debelis leaves on the human immune system were investigated. The extracts showed strong anticomplement effects on both the classical and alternate pathways of the human complement system in vitro. The effects were dose-dependent and most pronounced in the classical complement pathway assay. The extracts also exhibited a direct dose-dependent inhibition of luminol-induced chemiluminescence of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes upon stimulation with zymosan.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 92047530
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Adjuvants, Immunologic|*PD; Liver Diseases|*DT; Plants, Medicinal|*CH
- MeSH Heading
- Antibody Formation|DE; Complement Pathway, Alternative|DE; Complement Pathway, Classical|DE; Human; Immunity, Cellular|DE; In Vitro; Luminescence; Luminol|PD; Neutrophils|DE; Phagocytosis|DE; Plant Extracts|PD; Respiration|DE; Respiratory Burst|DE; Sri Lanka
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 70 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- External antirheumatic and antineuralgic herbal remedies in the traditional medicine of north-eastern Italy.
- Author
- Cappelletti EM; Trevisan R; Caniato R
- Address
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1982 Sep, 6:2, 161-90
- Abstract
- The utilization of more than 90 plant species as folk external remedies to treat rheumatic and arthritic diseases is reported, and their possible effectiveness is discussed according to present phytochemical and pharmacological knowledge. Some of the plant species used exhibit skin-irritant properties (protoanemonin, isothiocyanate or allicine yielding plants and species containing capsaicin, oleoresins, volatile oils, resinous principles, alkaloids). The effectiveness of other herbal remedies depends on their content of salicyl derivatives. A considerable number of the plant species utilized contain chemical products (triterpenoid or steroid compounds, alkaloids) for which anti-inflammatory properties have been demonstrated.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 83035381
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Medicine, Herbal|*; Neuralgia|*DT; Plants, Medicinal|*CL; Rheumatic Diseases|*TH
- MeSH Heading
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents|TU; Human; Irritants|TU; Italy; Plant Extracts|TU
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 71 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Toxigenic Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxins in Sri Lankan medicinal plant material.
- Author
- Abeywickrama K; Bean GA
- Address
- Department of Botany, University of Maryland, College Park 20742.
- Source
- Mycopathologia, 1991 Mar, 113:3, 187-90
- Abstract
- The fungal flora of 6 Asian medicinal plants, Aerva lanata (Linn.) Juss. Alyssicarpus vaginalis D.C., Tribulus terrestris Linn. Adhatoda vasica Nees., Centella asciatica (L.) Urb., Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn. was determined. After surface disinfection Aspergillus spp. were most frequently observed. Aspergillus flavus, isolated from Alyssicarpus vaginalis and Aerva lanata produced aflatoxins in culture. Aflatoxin B1 was also detected in a sample of Aerra lanata at a level of 0.5 micrograms/g. Plant material destined for medicinal use should be stored carefully prior to its use to prevent growth of naturally occurring toxigenic mold fungi.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 91296008
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Aflatoxins|*AN/BI; Aspergillus flavus|*IP/ME; Drug Contamination|*; Plants, Medicinal|*MI
- MeSH Heading
- Drug Storage; Human; Sri Lanka
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0301-486X
- Country of Publication
- NETHERLANDS
Record 72 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Looking for new drugs: what criteria?
- Author
- Sévenet T
- Address
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1991 Apr, 32:1-3, 83-90
- Abstract
- How to look for new drugs? What guidelines to use? Have we to continue investigations on plant and marine organisms? These questions arise frequently today. A pharmacological effect results from the addition of many effects at a molecular level, i.e. the interaction between a ligand and a receptor. As long as the chemical structure of this receptor remains unknown, studies of Nature's resources will yield the largest reservoir of new drugs. Nature provides our imagination with the pattern of novel biologically active molecules. Criteria classically used in the past to select plants for study were chemotaxonomy, ethnopharmacology or pharmacotaxonomy. Examples will be taken from personal experience, to illustrate work done according to the chemotaxonomical approach (Ochrosia and ellipticines), and the ethnopharmacological approach (antiinflammatory properties of Euphorbiaceae from New Caledonia). Taking into account that one of the major problems we have to face is the unsatisfactory classical pharmacological testing procedure, we have tried to set up a network grouping biologists and chemists. Among many results obtained, one concerns the use of the mammalian hypothalamo-pituitary system to screen effects of alkaloids extracted from Psychotria oleoides, a Rubiaceae collected in New Caledonia. Psycholeine exhibits an intriguing activity on GH release. Another result concerns the influence of a Labiatae extract on the adenylate cyclase system: 9 HODE extracted from Glechoma hederacea stimulates the basal level of enzyme activity in platelets, this activity being possibly involved in the folk uses claimed. Using the tubulin test to screen antimitotic activities of plant extracts, the biological activity of rhazinilam has been demonstrated as responsible for the antitubulin activity of a Malaysian plant, Kopsia singapurensis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 91350819
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Plants, Medicinal|*AN
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; Drug Screening; Human; Medicine, Traditional
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 73 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Can ethnopharmacology contribute to the development of antimalarial agents?
- Author
- Phillipson JD; Wright CW
- Address
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, London.
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1991 Apr, 32:1-3, 155-65
- Abstract
- The resistance of Plasmodium falciparum, the cause of tertian malaria, to synthetic antimalarials, together with the resistance of the vector mosquitoes to insecticides, has resulted in a resurgence in the use of quinine and a search for new antimalarial agents. In recent years, artemisinin, isolated from Artemisia annua which is used in Chinese traditional medicine for the treatment of malaria, has proved to be effective in the treatment of cerebral malaria due to chloroquine-resistant strains of P. falciparum. The development of in vitro tests utilising P. falciparum obtained from malaria patients means that it is possible to use bioassay guided fractionation of active extracts in order to isolate active principles. A number of laboratories throughout the world are currently investigating plants used in traditional medicine for their active constituents. Some of their results will be described and in particular two aspects of our investigations with species of Simaroubaceae and Menispermaceae will be discussed. There is every possibility that such approaches which use leads from Ethnopharmacology will result in the development of new antimalarial agents. It is vitally important to those populations relying on traditional medicines for the treatment of malaria that the safety and efficacy of such medicines be established, their active principles determined and that reproducible dosage forms be prepared and made available for use.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 91350801
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Antimalarials|*PD; Ethnology|*; Pharmacology|*
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; Human; Plants, Medicinal|AN; Plasmodium|DE; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 74 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Ethnopharmacology and the development of natural PAF antagonists as therapeutic agents.
- Author
- Braquet P; Hosford D
- Address
- Institut Henri Beaufour, Plessis-Robinson, France.
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1991 Apr, 32:1-3, 135-9
- Abstract
- Ginkgolides are unique twenty-carbon terpenes, occurring naturally only in the roots and leaves of Ginkgo biloba. The molecules incorporate a tert-butyl group and six 5-membered rings, and are specific and potent antagonists of platelet-activating factor (PAF), a potent inflammatory autacoid. Studies in animal models with the most potent ginkgolide, BN 52021, and other specific PAF antagonists have demonstrated that PAF plays an important role in pathologies such as asthma, shock, ischemia, anaphylaxis, graft rejection, renal disease, CNS disorders and numerous inflammatory conditions. Ginkgolides are now being developed as therapeutic agents and very promising results have been obtained in clinical trials on shock, organ preservation and thermal injury. In addition to ginkgolides, several other types of natural PAF antagonists have been identified from various medicinal plants. These compounds have not only helped to explain the pharmacological basis of several traditional medicines, but have also provided man with a valuable new class of therapeutic agents.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 91350799
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Ethnology|*; Pharmacology|*; Platelet Activating Factor|*AI
- MeSH Heading
- Human; In Vitro; Lactones|PD; Plants, Medicinal|AN
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 75 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Enhanced proliferation of fibroblasts and endothelial cells treated with an extract of the leaves of Chromolaena odorata (Eupolin), an herbal remedy for treating wounds.
- Author
- Phan TT; Hughes MA; Cherry GW
- Address
- Wound Healing Institute, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom.
- Source
- Plast Reconstr Surg, 1998 Mar, 101:3, 756-65
- Abstract
- Burns are a major problem in many developing countries. Eupolin ointment is a topical agent used in the treatment of soft-tissue wounds and burns in Vietnam and is made from an aqueous extract of the leaves of Chromolaena odorata (formerly Eupatorium odoratum). Clinical studies using this extract have shown antimicrobial and anticoagulation effects as well as the promotion of tissue remodeling in the wound healing process. However, the mechanism by which this agent affects cells involved in the wound healing process is unknown. In our research, fibroblasts and endothelial cells, two cell types that play a crucial role in wound healing, were used to investigate some of the effects of Eupolin extract in vitro. Cell growth was estimated by a colorimetric assay at different time intervals. Enhanced growth of fibroblasts and endothelial cells was found at concentrations of 10 microg/ml and 100 microg/ml of Eupolin extract. This was particularly evident in medium supplemented with only 0.5% fetal calf serum where the cells were quiescent. Toxicity of the extract to fibroblasts was observed at 250 microg/ml in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/0.5% fetal calf serum, but there was no significant damage at this dose to the endothelial cells. The results of the study demonstrated that Eupolin extract increased fibroblast and endothelial cell growth, and this could explain in part the beneficial clinical effects that have been observed.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 98160030
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Burns|*DT; Dermatologic Agents|AD/*PD/TO; Endothelium, Vascular|CY/*DE/ME; Fibroblasts|CY/*DE/ME; Medicine, Traditional|*; Plant Extracts|AD/AN/*PD/TO; Plants, Medicinal|*/CH
- MeSH Heading
- Anti-Infective Agents|PD; Anticoagulants|PD; Cell Count|DE; Cell Division|DE; Cell Survival|DE; Cells, Cultured; Colorimetry; Culture Media; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dyes|DU; Human; Multivariate Analysis; Ointments; Plant Leaves; Skin|CY; Soft Tissue Injuries|DT; Tetrazolium Salts|DU; Thiazoles|DU; Time Factors; Vietnam; Wound Healing
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0032-1052
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 76 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Anti-inflammatory actions of pentacyclic triterpenes.
- Author
- Safayhi H; Sailer ER
- Address
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tuebingen, Germany.
- Source
- Planta Med, 1997 Dec, 63:6, 487-93
- Abstract
- Pentacyclic triterpenes (PTs) as aglycones of saponins have a wide distribution in plants, and many of them have been used as anti-inflammatory remedies in folk medicine. This survey critically reviews the effects of PTs on proinflammatory mediator signalling pathways and data from experimental animal models and clinical trials. Because the knowledge of their actions is far from being satisfactory a critical summary of the partly promising but mostly scattered and preliminary data might promote productive research on chances and risks of PTs. Antiproliferative and anti-infectious actions and effects on intracellular cell signalling and hormone metabolism are beyond the scope of this short review, although such effects might also contribute to the understanding of the systemic anti-inflammatory actions of aglycones.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 98096078
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal|IP/*PD; Triterpenes|IP/*PD
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; Disease Models, Animal; Human; Inflammation Mediators|ME; Plants, Medicinal|CH; Signal Transduction|DE
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
- ISSN
- 0032-0943
- Country of Publication
- GERMANY
Record 77 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Contribution to the knowledge of the pharmaceutical ethnobotany of La Segarra region (Catalonia, Iberian Peninsula).
- Author
- Raja D; Blanché C; Vallès Xirau J
- Address
- Facultat de FarmÄacia, Universitat de Barcelona, Departmento de Productes Naturels, Catalonia, Spain.
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1997 Aug, 57:3, 149-60
- Abstract
- An ethnobotanical survey was carried out in the region known as La Segarra, situated at the north east of the Iberian Peninsula, in the inner plains of Catalonia, with an area of 720 km2 and a population of 17000. Working with 29 people, data on uses of 142 species belonging to 54 botanical families were obtained and presented, of which 13 uses corresponding to nine plant species were previously unreported.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 97437874
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Ethnobotany|*TD; Plants, Medicinal|*/CL
- MeSH Heading
- Aged; Data Collection|ST; Female; Human; Male; Medicine, Traditional; Spain; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- IRELAND
Record 78 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Evaluation of four Narcissus cultivars as potential sources for galanthamine production [letter]
- Author
- Moraes Cerdeira RM; Burandt CL Jr; Bastos JK; Nanayakkara D; Mikell J; Thurn J; McChesney JD
- Address
- Source
- Planta Med, 1997 Oct, 63:5, 472-4
- Abstract
- Galanthamine, an alkaloid present in the Amaryllidaceae is currently undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of Alzheimer's. Common daffodils, Narcissus spp., contain galanthamine and other alkaloids. Four commercial Narcissus cultivars were evaluated as potential sources of galanthamine. Planting depths, planting densities, bulb size or flower bud removal did not affect galanthamine content.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 98002470
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Galanthamine|*BI/IP/TU; Plants, Medicinal|CL/*ME
- MeSH Heading
- Alzheimer Disease|DT; Human; Plant Roots
- Publication Type
- LETTER
- ISSN
- 0032-0943
- Country of Publication
- GERMANY
Record 79 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Four new clerodane diterpenes from the leaves of Casearia guianensis which inhibit the interaction of leukocyte function antigen 1 with intercellular adhesion molecule 1.
- Author
- Hunter MS; Corley DG; Carron CP; Rowold E; Kilpatrick BF; Durley RC
- Address
- Searle Research and Development, Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Missouri 63198, USA.
- Source
- J Nat Prod, 1997 Sep, 60:9, 894-9
- Abstract
- Four new clerodane diterpenes, casearinols A and B (1 and 2) and casearinones A and B (3 and 4), were isolated from the leaves of Casearia guianensis. These immunomodulatory compounds have been structurally elucidated primarily on the basis of 2D NMR analysis and spectral data comparison with known compounds. These compounds inhibited the binding of T-cell leukocyte function antigen 1 to intercellular adhesion molecule 1.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 97463581
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Adjuvants, Immunologic|*IP/PD; Diterpenes|*IP/PD; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1|*ME; NCAM|*ME; Plant Leaves|*CH; Plants, Medicinal|*/CH
- MeSH Heading
- Carbohydrate Sequence; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Human; Molecular Sequence Data; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Protein Binding; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0163-3864
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 80 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- A transcultural pattern of drug use: qat (khat) in the UK.
- Author
- Griffiths P; Gossop M; Wickenden S; Dunworth J; Harris K; Lloyd C
- Address
- National Addiction Centre, Maudsley Hospital, London.
- Source
- Br J Psychiatry, 1997 Mar, 170:, 281-4
- Abstract
- BACKGROUND: This study investigates patterns of qat use among 207 Somalis living in London. METHOD: Subjects were recruited using privileged access interviewing. Somalian interviewers were recruited who shared the same culture as the subjects. Data were collected by means of a structured interview. RESULTS: One hundred and sixty-two subjects (78%) had used qat. The majority (76%) used more qat than in Somalia. Some users reported moderate dependence; a minority reported severe problems. Adverse psychological effects included sleep problems, anxiety and depression. Medical problems associated with qat use were rare. CONCLUSIONS: Qat users who continue to use this drug when it is transplanted from a traditional context may experience difficulties. Qat use can also be seen as playing a positive role in supporting the cultural identity of the Somalian community. Severe problems were rarely reported. Qat consumption should be considered when addressing health-related topics with patients from those communities in which qat use is common.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 97372983
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Plants, Medicinal|*/CH; Substance-Related Disorders|*EH
- MeSH Heading
- Adolescence; Adult; Aged; Attitude to Health; Ethnobotany; Female; Human; London|EP; Male; Middle Age; Somalia|EH; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0007-1250
- Country of Publication
- ENGLAND
Record 81 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Artemisia annua L.: a source of novel antimalarial drugs.
- Author
- Woerdenbag HJ; Lugt CB; Pras N
- Address
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Source
- Pharm Weekbl [Sci], 1990 Oct, 12:5, 169-81
- Abstract
- Artemisia annua L. contains artemisinin, an endoperoxide sesquiterpene lactone, mainly in its leaves and inflorescences. This compound and a series of derivatives have attracted attention because of their potential value as antimalarial drugs. In this review a survey of the currently available literature data is given. It includes phytochemical aspects, such as constituents of A. annua, the artemisinin content during the development of the plant and its biosynthesis, isolation, analysis and stability. Total chemical synthesis of artemisinin is referred to, as well as structure-activity relationships of derivatives and simplified analogues. Pharmacological studies are summarized, including the mechanism of action, interaction of the antimalarial activity with other drugs, possible occurrence of resistance to artemisinin, clinical results, toxicological aspects, metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Finally, plant cell biotechnology is mentioned as a possible means to obtain plants and cell cultures with higher artemisinin contents, allowing an industrial production of pharmaceuticals containing this novel drug.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 91074618
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Antimalarials|*PD; Medicine, Chinese Traditional|*; Plants, Medicinal|*AN
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, ACADEMIC
- ISSN
- 0167-6555
- Country of Publication
- NETHERLANDS
Record 82 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Plants used in traditional medicine in eastern Tanzania. IV. Angiosperms (Mimosaceae to Papilionaceae).
- Author
- Chhabra SC; Mahunnah RL; Mshiu EN
- Address
- Chemistry Department, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1990 Jul, 29:3, 295-323
- Abstract
- Sixty-nine Angiosperms (Mimosaceae to Papilionaceae) are listed, which are used by traditional healers in five regions of Eastern Tanzania; namely, Coast, Dar es Salaam, Kilimanjaro, Morogoro and Tanga. For each species listed, the botanical name, vernacular name, collection number, locality, habit, distribution and medicinal uses are given. Additionally, information from the literature on medicinal uses, chemical constituents, and pharmacological effects are also provided.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 91013945
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Medicine, Traditional|*; Plants, Medicinal|*AN
- MeSH Heading
- Human; Tanzania
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, ACADEMIC
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 83 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Effect of Cordyceps sinensis on the proliferation and differentiation of human leukemic U937 cells.
- Author
- Chen YJ; Shiao MS; Lee SS; Wang SY
- Address
- Department of Medical Research, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Source
- Life Sci, 1997, 60:25, 2349-59
- Abstract
- Cordyceps sinensis is a herb medicine with antitumor activity capable of suppressing the growth of mouse Sarcoma 180 in vivo. In the present study, we have isolated polysaccharide fraction of Cordyceps sinensis (PSCS) and investigated its effect on the proliferation and differentiation of human leukemic U937 cells using an in vitro culture system. Our results showed that the conditioned medium from PSCS (10 microg/ml)-stimulated blood mononuclear cells (PSCS-MNC-CM) had an activity that could significantly inhibit the proliferation of U937 cells resulting in a growth inhibition rate of 78-83%. Furthermore, PSCS-MNC-CM treatment induced about 50% of the cells differentiating into mature monocytes/macrophages expressing nonspecific esterase (NSE) activity and the surface antigens of CD11b, CD14, and CD 68. Yet, the differentiated U937 cells also had functions of phagocytosis and superoxide production. However, PSCS alone or normal MNC-CM had no such effects. The levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interleukin (IL)-1 were very low in normal MNC-CM, and they were greatly increased in MNC-CM prepared with PSCS stimulation. Antibody neutralization studies further revealed that the tumoricidal and differentiating effects of PSCS-MNC-CM were mainly derived from the elevated cytokines, especially IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. These two cytokines acted synergistically on inhibiting cell growth and inducing differentiation of the target U937 cells.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 97338020
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic|IP/*PD; Monocytes|CY/*DE; Plant Extracts|IP/*PD; Plants, Medicinal|*/CH
- MeSH Heading
- Antigens, Neoplasm|BI; Cell Differentiation|DE; Cell Division|DE; Comparative Study; Culture Media; Cytokines|ME; Human; Leukemia; Leukocytes, Mononuclear|ME; Neutralization Tests; Polysaccharides|IP/PD; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0024-3205
- Country of Publication
- ENGLAND
Record 84 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Antitumor plants. X. Constituents of Nectandra rigida.
- Author
- Le Quesne PW; Larrahondo JE; Raffauf RF
- Address
- Source
- J Nat Prod, 1980 May, 43:3, 353-9
- Abstract
- The major cytotoxic activity of crude extracts of Nectandra rigida Nees is due to dehydrodiisoeugenol,the sample isolated being slightly enriched in the dextrorotatory enantiomer. Galgravin and two new tetrahydrofuranoid lignans, nectandrin A and nectandrin B, were also isolated and characterized along with small quantities of vanillin, 2,6-dimethoxybenzoquinone, and the known lauraceous alkaloid laurelliptine. The neolignans are of potential chemotaxonomic significance in the study of the Lauraceae.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 80250994
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic|*IP; Plants, Medicinal|*AN
- MeSH Heading
- Alkaloids|IP; Cell Line; Human; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Plant Extracts|PD; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0163-3864
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 85 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Neoisostegane, a new bisbenzocyclooctadiene lignan lactone from Steganotaenia araliacea.
- Author
- Taafrout M; Rouessac F; Robin JP; Hicks RP; Shillady DD; Sneden AT
- Address
- Source
- J Nat Prod, 1984 Jul, 47:4, 600-6
- Abstract
- Neoisostegane, the first naturally occurring steganin without a functional group at C-5, was isolated from two different collections of Steganotaenia araliacea. The structure of neoisostegane, which contained five aromatic methoxyl groups rather than the more usual three methoxyls and one methylenedioxy moiety, was elucidated by comparison of the pmr coupling constants with those of synthetic steganes and by selective decoupling experiments. The structure was confirmed by cmr data, by preparation of a derivative having five aromatic methoxyl moieties from stegane, which was compared spectroscopically to neoisostegane, and by thermal isomerization experiments.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 85032747
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Plants, Medicinal|*AN; Polycyclic Hydrocarbons|*AN/PD
- MeSH Heading
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic|PD; Ethiopia; Guinea-Bissau; Human; KB Cells|DE; Molecular Conformation; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Stereoisomerism; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0163-3864
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 86 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Detection of Lewis a antigenic determinants in Chinese medicinal herbs.
- Author
- Wang XM; Terasaki PI; Loon J; Park MS; Chia D; Bernoco D
- Address
- Source
- Vox Sang, 1983, 45:4, 320-5
- Abstract
- Two Chinese medicinal herbs, Leonurus sibiricus L. and Carthamus tinctorius L., were found to have high levels of Lewis a (Lea)-like determinants. The water-soluble extracts specifically inhibited hemagglutination, hemolysis, and lymphocyte cytotoxicity directed against Lea. They did not inhibit Leb nor other specificities detected on lymphocytes, resulting from the interaction of Lewis, Secretor, and ABO systems such as A1Leb and A1Led. The activity was nondialyzable, resistant to boiling and proteolytic enzymes, but was destroyed by periodate. It was suprising that an Lea substance, previously found in human secretions, was also present in flower abstracts.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 84046892
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Lewis Blood-Group System|*IM; Plants, Medicinal|*IM
- MeSH Heading
- China; Comparative Study; Epitopes|IP; Human; Medicine, Herbal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0042-9007
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 87 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Plants used as abortifacients and emmenagogues by Spanish New Mexicans.
- Author
- Conway GA; Slocumb JC
- Address
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1979 Oct, 1:3, 241-61
- Abstract
- Individuals of Spanish and Mexican descent in New Mexico have used a number of plants as emmenagogues and abortifacients. Of the plants used, cotton root bark (Gossypium sp.), inmortal ((Asclepias capricornu Woodson), poleo chino (Hedeoma oblongifolia (Gray) Heller), rue Ruta graveolens L.), wormseed (Chenopodium ambrosioides L.), and three species of Artemesia seem to be used most widely. Of these, the cotton root bark, when used as an abortifacient, seems to exhibit the lowest toxicity. Rue is notable because of its use independently within different cultures, but may exhibit toxic side effects when used as an abortifacient. Seven other plants are outlined on the basis of anecdotal and folkloric reports. Investigations are underway to look at use effectiveness, side effects, impact on fertility, and acceptance among cultures of the Southwestern United States.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 80164078
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Abortifacient Agents|*; Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal|*; Hispanic Americans|*; Medicine, Traditional|*; Menstruation-Inducing Agents|*; Plants, Medicinal|*
- MeSH Heading
- Cotton; Female; Human; Mexico|EH; New Mexico; Plant Extracts|PD; Pregnancy
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 88 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Oncogenic and tumor-promoting Spermatophytes and Pteridophytes and their active principles.
- Author
- Farnsworth NR; Bingel AS; Fong HH; Saleh AA; Christenson GM; Saufferer SM
- Address
- Source
- Cancer Treat Rep, 1976 Aug, 60:8, 1171-214
- Abstract
- A survey and discussion are presented of plants classified as Spermatophyta and Pteridophyta, extracts of which have been shown to be oncogenic or tumor-promoting in animals. The active oncogenic and tumor-promoting principles, where known, have been identified. They represent tannins; pyrrolizidine, indole, tropolone, quinoline, purine, and benzophenanthridine alkaloids; nitroso compounds; triterpene glycosides; lignans; isoflavans; allyl benzenoids; simple (nu-pyrenes; and carbocyclic hydroxy acids. A total of 28 compounds of known structure have been identified as oncogens and several phorbol esters as tumor-promoters. Plants known to contain any of the 28 oncogens (excluding shikimic acid and caffeine) have been tabulated; they represent at least 454 species, 110 genera, and 34 families of Spermatophyta and Pteridophyta.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 77046952
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Carcinogens|*; Neoplasms, Experimental|*CI; Plants|*
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; Animal Feed; Areca; Caffeine; Chemistry; Croton Oil; Female; Food; Glycosides; Human; Male; Nitrosamines; Oils; Phenanthridines; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids; Safrole; Tannins; Triterpenes; Wheat
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW
- ISSN
- 0361-5960
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 89 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Symbols and selectivity: a statistical analysis of native American medical ethnobotany.
- Author
- Moerman DE
- Address
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1979 Apr, 1:2, 111-9
- Abstract
- Native Americans use a wide range of plants medicinally. Many of these plants have profound meaning to their users. Does this mean, as some assert, that tribal medicine is "all placebo"? Since the essential character of meaning is the arbitrariness of the sign, then insofar as this medicine is symbolic, the plants used medicinally will be a random representation of plants available in nature. Several regression analyses of plants used by native Americans on plants available to them indicate substantial selectivity in plant use. Native American medical ethnobotany is not only placebo medicine.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 80164071
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Indians, North American|*; Plants, Medicinal|*
- MeSH Heading
- Human; Medicine, Traditional; Placebos; Regression Analysis; Symbolism; United States
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 90 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- A nonpromoting phorbol from the samoan medicinal plant Homalanthus nutans inhibits cell killing by HIV-1.
- Author
- Gustafson KR; Cardellina JH 2d; McMahon JB; Gulakowski RJ; Ishitoya J; Szallasi Z; Lewin NE; Blumberg PM; Weislow OS; Beutler JA; et al
- Address
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery Research and Development, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Frederick Cancer Research & Development Center (FCRDC), Maryland 21702-1201.
- Source
- J Med Chem, 1992 May, 35:11, 1978-86
- Abstract
- Extracts of Homalanthus nutans, a plant used in Samoan herbal medicine, exhibited potent activity in an in vitro, tetrazolium-based assay which detects the inhibition of the cytopathic effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). The active constituent was identified as prostratin, a relatively polar 12-deoxyphorbol ester. Noncytotoxic concentrations of prostratin from greater than or equal to 0.1 to greater than 25 microM protected T-lymphoblastoid CEM-SS and C-8166 cells from the killing effects of HIV-1. Cytoprotective concentrations of prostratin greater than or equal to 1 microM essentially stopped virus reproduction in these cell lines, as well as in the human monocytic cell line U937 and in freshly isolated human monocyte/macrophage cultures. Prostratin bound to and activated protein kinase C in vitro in CEM-SS cells and elicited other biochemical effects typical of phorbol esters in C3H10T1/2 cells; however, the compound does not appear to be a tumor promoter. In skin of CD-1 mice, high doses of prostratin induced ornithine decarboxylase only to 25-30% of the levels induced by typical phorbol esters at doses 1/30 or less than that used for prostratin, produced kinetics of edema formation characteristic of the nonpromoting 12-deoxyphorbol 13-phenylacetate, and failed to induce the acute or chronic hyperplasias typically caused by tumor-promoting phorbols at doses of 1/100 or less than that used for prostratin.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 92284470
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- HIV-1|*DE; Phorbol Esters|CH/*IP/PD; Plants, Medicinal|*CH
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; Cell Line; Cell Survival|DE; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral|DE; Edema|CI; Human; Hyperplasia; Independent State of Samoa; Mice; Monocytes|DE/MI; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Ornithine Decarboxylase|BI; Protein Kinase C|ME; Skin|DE/EN/PA; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; T-Lymphocytes|DE/MI; Virus Replication|DE
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0022-2623
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 91 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Sperm antimotility properties of a seed extract of Abrus precatorius.
- Author
- Ratnasooriya WD; Amarasekera AS; Perera NS; Premakumara GA
- Address
- Department of Zoology, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka.
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1991 May, 33:1-2, 85-90
- Abstract
- This study examined the inhibitory effects of a methanol extract of Abrus precatorius seeds on the motility of washed human spermatozoa. The extract caused a concentration-related impairment of percentage sperm motility; with the EC50 concentration being 2.29 mg/ml. This effect on motility was essentially irreversible. With the highest concentration tested (20.0 mg/ml), the onset of the antimotility action was almost immediate. In addition, this concentration impaired the functional integrity of the plasma membrane (hypoosmotic swelling test) and viability (nigrosin-eosin stain) of spermatozoa. In contrast, with a lower concentration (5.0 mg/ml), such effects were not evident. It is concluded that at the lower concentrations the antimotility action may result from a rise in intracellular calcium (not via influx) and/or a decline in cAMP content and/or enhanced generation of a reactive oxygen species.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 92047534
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Plants, Medicinal|*CH; Sperm Motility|*DE; Spermatocidal Agents|*PD
- MeSH Heading
- Caffeine|PD; Calcium|PH; Cell Membrane|DE; Human; In Vitro; Male; Medicine, Ayurvedic; Methanol; Osmolar Concentration; Phenols|AN; Plant Extracts|CH/PD; Spermatozoa|DE; Sri Lanka
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 92 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Antitumor agents, 135. Structure and stereochemistry of polacandrin, a new cytotoxic triterpene from Polanisia dodecandra.
- Author
- Shi Q; Chen K; Fujioka T; Kashiwada Y; Chang JJ; Kozuka M; Estes JR; McPhail AT; McPhail DR; Lee KH
- Address
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599.
- Source
- J Nat Prod, 1992 Oct, 55:10, 1488-97
- Abstract
- A new dammarane triterpene, polacandrin [1], has been isolated from Polanisia dodecandra. The structure of 1 was established as 1 beta, 3 alpha, 12 beta, 25-tetrahydroxy-20(S),24(S)-epoxydammarane by chemical and spectroscopic methods, which included the concerted application of a number of 2D nmr techniques that involved 1H-1H COSY, HETCOR, NOESY, and long-range HETCOR. Single-crystal X-ray analysis of polacandrin pentahydrate verified the complete structure and stereochemistry. Polacandrin showed potent cytotoxicities against KB (ED50 = 0.60 microgram/ml), P-388 (ED50 = 0.90 microgram/ml), and RPMI-7951 (ED50 = 0.62 microgram/ml) tumor cells.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 93085367
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic|*CH/PD; Plants, Medicinal|*CH; Triterpenes|*CH/PD
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Human; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Stereoisomerism; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Tumor Cells, Cultured; X-Ray Diffraction
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0163-3864
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 93 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- The mannose-specific plant lectins from Cymbidium hybrid and Epipactis helleborine and the (N-acetylglucosamine)n-specific plant lectin from Urtica dioica are potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus and cytomegalovirus replication in vitro.
- Author
- Balzarini J; Neyts J; Schols D; Hosoya M; Van Damme E; Peumans W; De Clercq E
- Address
- Laboratory of Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Belgium.
- Source
- Antiviral Res, 1992 Jun, 18:2, 191-207
- Abstract
- A series of four mannose(Man)-, three N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)n-, ten N-acetylgalactosamine/galactose(GalNAc/Gal)-, one 5-acetylneuraminic acid (alpha-2,3-Gal/GalNAc)- and one 5-acetylneuroaminic acid(alpha-2,6-Gal/Gal-NAc)-specific plant agglutinins were evaluated for their antiviral activity in vitro. the mannose-specific lectins from the orchid species Cymbidium hybrid (CA), Epipactis helleborine (EHA) and Listera ovata (LOA) were highly inhibitory to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2) in MT-4, and showed a marked anti-human cytomegalovirus (CMV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza A virus activity in HEL, HeLa and MDCK cells, respectively. The 50% effective concentration (EC50) of CA and EHA for HIV ranged from 0.04 to 0.08 micrograms/ml, that is about 3 orders of magnitude below their toxicity threshold (50% inhibitory concentration for MT-4 cell growth: 54 to 60 micrograms/ml). Also, the (GlcNAc)n-specific lectin from Urtica dioica (UDA) was inhibitory to HIV-1-, HIV-2-, CMV-, RSV- and influenza A virus-induced cytopathicity at an EC50 ranging from 0.3 to 9 micrograms/ml. The GalNAc/Gal-, alpha-2,3-Gal/GalNAc- or alpha-2,6-Gal/GalNAc-specific lectins were not inhibitory to HIV or CMV at non-toxic concentrations. CA, EHA and UDA proved to be potent inhibitors of syncytium formation between persistently HIV-1- and HIV-2-infected HUT-78 cells and CD4+ Molt/4 (clone 8) cells (EC50: 0.2-2 micrograms/ml). Unlike dextran sulfate, the plant lectins CA, EHA and UDA did not interfere with HIV-1 adsorption to MT-4 cells and RSV- and influenza A virus adsorption to HeLa and MDCK cells, respectively. They presumably interact at the level of virion fusion with the target cell.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 93037375
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Acetylglucosamine|*CH; Antiviral Agents|*PD; Cytomegalovirus|*DE; HIV|*DE; Lectins|*; Mannose|*CH; Plants, Medicinal|*CH; Virus Replication|*DE
- MeSH Heading
- Cells, Cultured; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral|DE; Dextran Sulfate|PD; Human; HIV-1|DE; HIV-2|DE; Influenza A Virus|DE; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses|DE; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Temperature
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0166-3542
- Country of Publication
- NETHERLANDS
Record 94 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Additional bioactive compounds and trilobacin, a novel highly cytotoxic acetogenin, from the bark of Asimina triloba.
- Author
- Zhao G; Hui Y; Rupprecht JK; McLaughlin JL; Wood KV
- Address
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmacal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
- Source
- J Nat Prod, 1992 Mar, 55:3, 347-56
- Abstract
- Fractionation of the EtOH extract of the bark of Asimina triloba, monitoring by brine shrimp lethality, has led to the isolation and structural elucidation of a novel highly cytotoxic Annonaceous acetogenin, trilobacin [1], in addition to six known compounds: asimicin 2], bullatacin [3], bullatacinone [4], N-p-coumaroyltyramine [5], N-trans-feruloyltyramine [6], and (+)-syringaresinol [7]. Acetogenin 1 was identified as a diastereomer of asimicin [2] by spectral and chemical methods, and both 1 and 2 showed potent and selective cytotoxicities in the NCI human tumor cell line screen.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 92277085
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic|*IP/PD; Furans|*IP/PD; Plants, Medicinal|*CH
- MeSH Heading
- Human; Lethal Dose 50; Mass Fragmentography; Molecular Weight; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Stereoisomerism; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0163-3864
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 95 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Anti-aids agents, 6. Salaspermic acid, an anti-HIV principle from Tripterygium wilfordii, and the structure-activity correlation with its related compounds.
- Author
- Chen K; Shi Q; Kashiwada Y; Zhang DC; Hu CQ; Jin JQ; Nozaki H; Kilkuskie RE; Tramontano E; Cheng YC; et al
- Address
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599.
- Source
- J Nat Prod, 1992 Mar, 55:3, 340-6
- Abstract
- Salaspermic acid [1], an inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase and HIV replication in H9 lymphocyte cells, was isolated from the roots of Tripterygium wilfordii for the first time. The structure of 1 derived from spectral data was established unequivocally by an X-ray analysis of crystals of the monohydrate. A structure-activity correlation of 1 with ten related compounds indicated that the acetal linkage in ring A and the carboxyl group in ring E of 1 may be required for the anti-HIV activity.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 92277084
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Antiviral Agents|*PD; HIV-1|*DE/EN; Plants, Medicinal|*CH; Triterpenes|CH/*PD
- MeSH Heading
- Cells, Cultured; Human; Lymphocytes|DE/MI; Molecular Conformation; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase|AI; Structure-Activity Relationship; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; X-Ray Diffraction
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0163-3864
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 96 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- New World plants; New World drugs.
- Author
- Blumenthal M
- Address
- American Botanical Council, Austin, Texas 78720.
- Source
- Allergy Proc, 1992 Nov, 13:6, 345-52
- Abstract
- The "discovery" and eventual colonization and exploitation of the New World by Europeans created the opportunity for the development of medicines from numerous plants native to the Western Hemisphere. Many of these plants had been employed by native cultures for centuries or millenia. The plants and, eventually, isolated drugs derived from them were incorporated into the materia media of the Europeans both in Europe and in the new colonies. Many became official in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP); a few still remain today. In all, 30 plants and/or their derivatives are briefly profiled. The subjects of plant-based medicines is becoming more timely as millions of Europeans and Americans begin to seek "natural" remedies for self-medication. Unfortunately, lack of patentability and high new-drug approval costs keep many traditional plant medicines from obtaining proper recognition.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 93146408
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Plants, Medicinal|*
- MeSH Heading
- Americas; Human
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
- ISSN
- 1046-9354
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 97 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Evaluating exposures to plants.
- Author
- Kunkel DB; Spoerke DG
- Address
- Source
- Emerg Med Clin North Am, 1984 Feb, 2:1, 133-44
- Abstract
- Exposures to plants generate an exceptional amount of public concern, especially plant ingestions by children. Most clinical problems, however, involve older age groups as a result of experimentation with or overt abuse of plant parts and extracts. Of mounting concern is the sometimes uninformed and massive use of herbal preparations, currently widely available and in popular vogue. Plant exposures, from whatever source, may present as complex pharmacologic problems that may challenge the diagnostic and therapeutic skills of the physician. Although specific physiologic antagonists (antidotes) may exist for specific intoxications, basic decontamination and supportive techniques are many times all that may be offered.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 85101157
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Plant Poisoning|*ET
- MeSH Heading
- Adult; Alkaloids|PO; Cardiovascular Diseases|ET; Child; Cyanides|PO; Dermatitis, Contact|ET; Emergencies; Female; Gastroenteritis|ET; Glycosides|PO; Hematologic Diseases|ET; Herbs; Human; Kidney Diseases|ET; Liver Diseases|ET; Male; Mouth Mucosa|PA; Nervous System Diseases|ET; Oils, Volatile|PO; Plants, Edible; Plants, Medicinal; Plants, Toxic; Resins|PO; Tannins|PO
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW
- ISSN
- 0733-8627
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 98 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Counter-irritant and other medicinal uses of plants in Ranunculaceae by native peoples in British Columbia and neighbouring areas.
- Author
- Turner NJ
- Address
- Source
- J Ethnopharmacol, 1984 Jul, 11:2, 181-201
- Abstract
- At least 20 species in Ranunculaceae, the buttercup family, are reported as having been used medicinally by 19 different groups of native peoples in British Columbia and adjacent areas. These species are known to contain the skin-irritating, blister-causing compound, protoanemonin, in their fresh state. Protoanemonin is almost certainly the active principle involved in many of these medicinal applications. A majority involved the use of the plants as external poultices for boils, cuts, abrasions and other skin sores. Other disorders having a high frequency of treatment with ranunculaceous species include: muscular aches, colds and other respiratory ailments, and general, unspecified illness. Native groups in other parts of North America also used many ranunculaceous species as poultices, and for colds, headaches and many other ailments. A number were used for stimulation and "revival" of unconscious persons. It is suggested that the protoanemonin contained in these plants may have, through several different mechanisms, positively influenced the healing process physiologically and not just psychologically. If future research confirms this, these protoanemonin containing plants may have potential in certain treatments in modern medicine.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 85035053
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Indians, North American|*; Plants, Medicinal|*
- MeSH Heading
- British Columbia; Furans|PO/TU; Human; Male
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW
- ISSN
- 0378-8741
- Country of Publication
- SWITZERLAND
Record 99 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Isolation and identification of a cytotoxic principle from Chrysosplenium grayanum Maxim. (Saxifragaceae) and its antitumor activities.
- Author
- Arisawa M; Bai H; Shimizu S; Koshimura S; Tanaka M; Sasaki T; Morita N
- Address
- Department of Medicinal Resources, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama Medical & Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
- Source
- Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo), 1992 Dec, 40:12, 3274-6
- Abstract
- A cytotoxic principle was newly isolated from Chrysosplenium grayanum Maxim. (Saxifragaceae) and identified as beta-peltoboykinolic acid (1) on the basis of spectral data. Cytotoxicity of compound 1 was tested against various human cancer cell lines in vitro, and antitumor effect of this compound was demonstrated on Meth.A mouse fibrosarcoma. The experiment of combined treatment with compound 1, mitomycin C, and OK-432 resulted in enhancing the antitumor effect against B16-BL6 mouse melanoma in C57BL/6 mice.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 93193197
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic|*IP/TO; Bioflavonoids|*IP/TO; Cytotoxins|*IP/TO; Plants, Medicinal|*CH
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; Cell Line; Growth Inhibitors|IP/TO; Human; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0009-2363
- Country of Publication
- JAPAN
Record 100 from database: MEDLINE
- Title
- Synergistic effects of the alkaloid sinomenine in combination with the immunosuppressive drugs tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid [letter]
- Author
- Vieregge B; Resch K; Kaever V
- Address
- Source
- Planta Med, 1999 Feb, 65:1, 80-2
- Abstract
- The alkaloid sinomenine extracted from the medicinal plant Sinomenium acutum is used in China for the treatment of various rheumatic diseases. It has immunomodulatory properties in a cardiac allograft transplantation model. Its antiproliferative effect on human mononuclear cells in combination with different immunosuppressive drugs was further analysed in vitro. Sinomenine dose-dependently attenuated thymidine incorporation, interleukin-2 synthesis, and cell cycle progression of activated T-lymphocytes. Cell proliferation was synergistically decreased by addition of sinomenine together with suboptimal concentrations of the established immunosuppressive drugs tacrolimus or mycophenolic acid, respectively.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 99183420
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Immunosuppressive Agents|*PD; Morphinans|CH/*PD; Mycophenolic Acid|*PD; Tacrolimus|*PD
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; Drug Synergism; Drugs, Chinese Herbal|CH/PD; Human; Monocytes|DE; Plants, Medicinal|CH; Rats
- Publication Type
- LETTER
- ISSN
- 0032-0943
- Country of Publication
- GERMANY
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