| Researchers |
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The Reference Was:
When should you start adding calcium to your diet? A
study by Pennsylvania researchers shows that girls who took calcium supplements starting
at age 12 or 14 increased their bone mass by 4 percent by age 16, compared to those who
did not take the supplement.
Lead researcher, Tom Lloyd, director of the Young Women’sHealth Study at the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine in Hershey, presenting his findings at a meeting of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research in Baltimore, Md., and reported in the Medical Tribune News Service of September 12, 1995.
Full copies of scientific abstracts with this type of data are
reproduced below.
Return To The Article
- Title
- Supplementation trials with calcium citrate malate: evidence in favor of increasing the
calcium RDA during childhood and adolescence.
- Author
- Andon MB; Lloyd T; Matkovic V
- Address
- Procter & Gamble Company, Sharon Woods Technical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45242.
- Source
- J Nutr, 1994 Aug, 124:8 Suppl, 1412S-1417S
- Abstract
- The vast majority of peak adult bone mass is accumulated by the time longitudinal growth
is complete. As peak bone mass is an important determinant of future fracture risk, the
goal of the current calcium recommended dietary allowance during youth is to provide a
calcium intake that allows individuals to reach their full genetic potential for acquiring
skeletal mass. The advent of controlled trials of calcium supplementation and total body
bone mass measurements in children and adolescents provide the first direct way of
determining the amount of calcium necessary to achieve optimal skeletal accretion. These
studies indicate that the current RDAs are insufficient to support optimal bone mass gain
during growth and development. Based on the recent intervention trials, recommendations
are made for an RDA of 1250 mg during childhood and 1450 mg during adolescence. These
values are consistent with established calcium balance intake thresholds for growth during
pre-adolescence and adolescence.
- Language of Publication
- LA=ENG
- Unique Identifier
- 94343026
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Bone Development|*DE; Calcium, Dietary|*AD/*PD; Citrates|*AD/PK; Malates|*AD/PK
- MeSH Heading
- Adolescence; Aging|ME; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials; Food, Fortified; Human;
Intestinal Absorption; Nutritional Requirements; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S.
Gov't, P.H.S.
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW REVIEW, TUTORIAL
- ISSN
- 0022-3166
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
- CAS Registry/EC Number
- 0 (Calcium, Dietary); 0 (Citrates); 0 (Malates); 142606-53-9 (calcium citrate malate)
Return To The Article
- Title
- Calcium supplementation and bone mineral density in adolescent girls [see comments]
- Author
- Lloyd T; Andon MB; Rollings N; Martel JK; Landis JR; Demers LM; Eggli DF; Kieselhorst K;
Kulin HE
- Address
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University, M. S. Hershey
Medical Center, Hershey 17033.
- Source
- JAMA, 1993 Aug 18, 270:7, 841-4
- Abstract
- OBJECTIVE--To evaluate the effect of calcium supplementation on bone acquisition in
adolescent white girls. DESIGN--A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of
the effect of 18 months of calcium supplementation on bone density and bone mass.
SUBJECTS--Ninety-four girls with a mean age of 11.9 + 0.5 years at study entry.
SETTING--University hospital in a small town. INTERVENTIONS--Calcium supplementation, 500
mg/d calcium as calcium citrate malate; controls received placebo pills. MAIN OUTCOME
MEASURES--Bone mineral density and bone mineral content of the lumbar spine and total body
were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and calcium excretion from 24-hour urine
specimens. RESULTS--Calcium intake from dietary sources averaged 960 mg/d for the entire
study group. The supplemented group received, on average, an additional 354 mg/d of
calcium. The supplemented group compared with the placebo group had greater increases of
lumbar spine bone density (18.7% vs 15.8%; P = .03), lumbar spine bone mineral content
(39.4% vs 34.7%; P = .06), total body bone mineral density (9.6% vs 8.3%; P = .05), and
24-hour urinary calcium excretion (90.4 vs 72.9 mg/d; P = .02), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS--Increasing daily calcium intake from 80% of the recommended daily allowance
to 110% via supplementation with calcium citrate malate resulted in significant increases
in total body and spinal bone density in adolescent girls. The increase of 24 g of bone
gain per year among the supplemented group translates to an additional 1.3% skeletal mass
per year during adolescent growth, which may provide protection against future
osteoporotic fracture.
- Language of Publication
- LA=ENG
- Unique Identifier
- 93341061
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Bone Density|*DE; Calcium|AD/*PD/UR
- MeSH Heading
- Adolescence; Anthropometry; Child; Densitometry, X-Ray; Double-Blind Method; Female;
Human; Lumbar Vertebrae|DE/ME; Nutrition Assessment; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support,
U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
- Publication Type
- CLINICAL TRIAL JOURNAL ARTICLE RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
- ISSN
- 0098-7484
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
- CAS Registry/EC Number
- 7440-70-2 (Calcium)
Return To The Article
- Title
- Determinants of bone density in young women. I. Relationships among pubertal
development, total body bone mass, and total body bone density in premenarchal females.
- Author
- Lloyd T; Rollings N; Andon MB; Demers LM; Eggli DF; Kieselhorst K; Kulin H; Landis JR;
Martel JK; Orr G; et al
- Address
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State
University, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey 17033.
- Source
- J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1992 Aug, 75:2, 383-7
- Abstract
- Bone mass accretion during puberty appears to be critical in the development of peak
bone mass, which, in turn, is believed to be a major determinant of osteoporosis risk.
Although genetics may be the primary determinant of peak bone mass, modifiable secondary
factors, such as nutrition and hormone exposure, may significantly affect bone mass
accretion during the second decade of life. As part of a longitudinal study of major
determinants of bone development during puberty, we obtained cross-sectional measurements
from 112 premenarchal caucasian females (mean +/- SD age, 11.9 +/- 0.49 yr at study
entry). Total body bone mineral density (TBBMD) and total body bone mineral content
(TBBMC) were measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and compared to anthropometric,
pubertal development, urinary steroid and gonadotropin levels, and nutrient intake. An
integrated estrogen exposure index was developed and used to evaluate the cumulative
effect of circulating estrogen levels on both development. Compared to normative reference
data for adults, our subjects possessed 90% of adult height, 68% of adult weight, 83% of
adult TBBMD, and 53% of TBBMC. The strongest combined predictors of prepubertal TBBMD and
TBBMC were body weight, followed by height and pubertal development. Urinary estradiol
levels were positively correlated with dietary intake of iron and vitamin B6.
- Language of Publication
- LA=ENG
- Unique Identifier
- 92348623
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Body Composition|*; Bone and Bones|*AH; Bone Density|*; Menarche|*; Puberty|*
- MeSH Heading
- Adolescence; Child; Estradiol|UR; Estrogens|ME; Female; Forecasting; Human; Nutrition;
Organ Weight; Regression Analysis; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0021-972X
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
- CAS Registry/EC Number
- 0 (Estrogens); 50-28-2 (Estradiol)
Return To The Article
- Title
- Measurement of bone mineral content and bone density in healthy twelve-year-old white
females.
- Author
- Lloyd T; Eggli DF
- Address
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University College of
Medicine, M.S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey 17033.
- Source
- J Nucl Med, 1992 Jun, 33:6, 1143-5
- Abstract
- Bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) measurements were made by
dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in 112 healthy 12-yr-old white girls for the
purposes of: (1) establishing reference data on total-body mineral content of 12-yr-old
girls and (2) comparing the lumbar spinal bone density values from a dedicated scan with
the lumbar region of interest bone density values from a whole-body scan. Total BMC ranged
from 799 g to 2083 g with mean and median values of 1276 g and 1218 g. Total-body bone
density ranged from 0.75 to 1.03 g/cm2 with mean and median values of 0.88 and 0.87 g/cm2.
The mean and median lumbar bone density values from the lumbar scan mode were 0.74 and
0.73 g/cm2 and were not significantly different from the mean and median lumbar bone
density values of 0.71 and 0.70 g/cm2 obtained from the region of interest data from the
total-body scan. These results establish baseline bone mass and bone density values for
our longitudinal study of bone accretion in young women and validate the use of lumbar
vertebral bone density values obtained from whole-body scans.
- Language of Publication
- LA=ENG
- Unique Identifier
- 92284292
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Bone Density|*PH; Caucasoid Race|*
- MeSH Heading
- Child; Comparative Study; Densitometry, X-Ray; Female; Human; Longitudinal Studies;
Lumbar Vertebrae|PH/RI; Menarche|PH; Reference Values; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support,
U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0161-5505
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Return To The Article
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