- Artificial Hormones Can Cause Breast Cancer
-
- The Reference Was
One of the few accepted medial treatments for
osteoporosis is, in fact, artificial hormone treatment with estrogen. Unfortunately
prolonged use of the artificial substance seems to lead to higher rates of breast cancer.
- Return To The Article
- There are several actual scientific studies, abstracts,
reproduced below. For a popular story on this, here is one example:
-
- Hormone Therapy Raises Breast-Cancer Risk,
Medical Tribune News Service, June 14, 1995, by Theresa Tamkins.
Here are some lines from the reports below:
"The median duration of treatment was 12 weeks and all patients stopped because of
progressive disease with or without toxicity."
"We conclude that hormone replacement increases the endometrial-cancer risk after
unopposed estrogens and the breast-cancer risk-notably after estrogen-progestin combined
therapy-and tentatively suggest that it exerts a protective effect against colon and liver
cancer risks."
"Women in various risk groups, such as those at risk for coronary artery disease,
osteoporosis, or breast cancer, must consider the risk-to-benefit ratio for their own
individual circumstances."
"Postmenopausal women who take estrogens for an extended period of time (e.g., a
decade or more) incur a sharply increased risk of cancer of the endometrium. This is
largely abated by use of a progestogen for at least 10 days per month."
And some with good news:
"The role of estrogen therapy in the risk of breast cancer has been a concern for
both physicians and patients. There is some evidence that women taking estrogen who
develop breast cancer have a better prognosis."
Return To The Article
- Title
- Health consequences of short- and long-term postmenopausal hormone therapy.
- Author
- Weiss NS
- Address
- University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA. nweiss@u.washington.edu
- Source
- Clin Chem, 1996 Aug, 42:8 Pt 2, 1342-4
- Abstract
- Some women take an estrogen preparation for as long as several years to ease symptoms of
the menopause. Such women appear to have little or no alteration in their risk of
endometrial cancer, especially if they are also taking a progestogen, and no alteration in
their risk of breast cancer. Similarly, the incidence of fractures is unaffected by
relatively short-term hormone use. The risk of ischemic heart disease also is reduced
among women who currently take estrogens (with or without a progestogen), but the
influence of duration of use on this association is uncertain. Postmenopausal women who
take estrogens for an extended period of time (e.g., a decade or more) incur a sharply
increased risk of cancer of the endometrium. This is largely abated by use of a
progestogen for at least 10 days per month. Such long-term estrogen use, whether
accompanied by a progestogen or not, may increase the risk of breast cancer slightly, but
this is an area of great controversy, at present unresolved. The incidence of both
myocardial infarction and fracture is substantially reduced in long-term users of
menopausal hormones.
- Language of Publication
- LA=ENG
- Unique Identifier
- 96330280
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Estrogen Replacement Therapy|*/AE; Postmenopause|*
- MeSH Heading
- Breast Neoplasms|CI; Endometrial Neoplasms|CI/PC; Estrogens|AD/AE/TU; Female; Human;
Progesterone|AD/TU
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW REVIEW, TUTORIAL
- ISSN
- 0009-9147
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
- CAS Registry/EC Number
- 0 (Estrogens); 57-83-0 (Progesterone)
Return To The Article
- Title
- Cancer incidence and mortality in women receiving estrogen and estrogen-progestin
replacement therapy--long-term follow-up of a Swedish cohort.
- Author
- Persson I; Yuen J; Bergkvist L; Schairer C
- Address
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Source
- Int J Cancer, 1996 Jul 29, 67:3, 327-32
- Abstract
- We analyzed cancer incidence and mortality in a cohort of 22,597 Swedish women who were
prescribed replacement hormones. After 13 years of follow-up in national registries, 2,330
incident cancer cases and 848 cancer deaths were observed. Overall, our results were
reassuring since incidence rate ratios (SIRs) for 16 cancer sites and mortality ratios
(SMRs) for all 10 examined sites were at, or lower than, unity. However, we found that
exposure to an estrogen-progestin combined brand was associated with an increasing
relative risk of breast cancer with follow-up time, the SIR reaching 1.4 (95% CI 1.1-1.8)
after 10 years of follow-up. The relative risk of endometrial cancer was substantially
increased, with the highest SIR of 5.0 (95% CI 1.6-5.9) in women prescribed estrogens
alone, whereas those given an estrogen-progestin combination showed no elevation in risk.
The risk estimates for liver and biliary tract cancers and for colon cancer were reduced
by about 40%, notably in women prescribed the estradiol-progestin compound. Further
detailed analyses revealed no evidence of adverse or protective effects on the risk of
ovarian, uterine cervical, vulvar/vaginal, rectal, pancreatic, renal, lung, thyroid and
other endocrine cancers, brain tumors, malignant melanoma or other skin cancers. Hormone
replacement therapy was not associated with an increase in mortality for any cancer site,
at this time of follow-up. For breast and endometrial cancers, SMRs were below baseline
but tended to increase with follow-up time. We conclude that hormone replacement increases
the endometrial-cancer risk after unopposed estrogens and the breast-cancer risk-notably
after estrogen-progestin combined therapy-and tentatively suggest that it exerts a
protective effect against colon and liver cancer risks.
- Language of Publication
- LA=ENG
- Unique Identifier
- 96321015
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Estrogen Replacement Therapy|*AE; Neoplasms|*CI/*EP/MO
- MeSH Heading
- Aged; Breast Neoplasms|CI/EP/MO; Cohort Studies; Comparative Study; Estradiol|AE/TU;
Estrogens, Conjugated|AE/TU; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Genital Neoplasms,
Female|CI/EP/MO; Human; Incidence; Middle Age; Progestational Hormones|AE/TU; Registries;
Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Sweden|EP; Time Factors
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0020-7136
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
- CAS Registry/EC Number
- 0 (Estrogens, Conjugated); 0 (Progestational Hormones); 50-28-2 (Estradiol)
Return To The Article
- Title
- Current concepts in postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy.
- Author
- Mayeaux EJ Jr; Johnson C
- Address
- Department of Family Medicine, Lousiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport,
USA.
- Source
- J Fam Pract, 1996 Jul, 43:1, 69-75
- Abstract
- As more women are living longer, there is an increasing need for women to discuss
hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with their physicians. This task is complicated by areas
of scientific uncertainty and evolving data concerning the risks and benefits of HRT.
Benefits of HRT that are supported by strong scientific evidence include relief from
menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, prevention of osteoporosis, cardioprotective
effects, relief of urogenital atrophy, and decreased urinary incontinence. Benefits
supported by observational evidence include improvement of emotional lability and
depression, improved sense of well-being in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, increased
dermal and total skin thickness, improved verbal memory skills, and decreased risk of
colon cancer. Risks to consider include a possible increase in the incidence of breast
cancer and an increase in endometrial cancer in women who have an intact uterus and do not
receive a progestin. Women in various risk groups, such as those at risk for coronary
artery disease, osteoporosis, or breast cancer, must consider the risk-to-benefit ratio
for their own individual circumstances.
- Language of Publication
- LA=ENG
- Unique Identifier
- 96315595
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Estrogen Replacement Therapy|*/AE; Estrogens|AD/AE/*TU
- MeSH Heading
- Breast Neoplasms|CI; Female; Human; Patient Selection; Progesterone|TU; Risk Factors
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW REVIEW LITERATURE
- ISSN
- 0094-3509
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
- CAS Registry/EC Number
- 0 (Estrogens); 57-83-0 (Progesterone)
Return To The Article
- Title
- Hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer risk.
- Author
- Gambrell RD Jr
- Address
- Department of Physiology and Endocrinology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, USA.
- Source
- Arch Fam Med, 1996 Jun, 5:6, 341-8
- Abstract
- The role of estrogen therapy in the risk of breast cancer has been a concern for both
physicians and patients. There is some evidence that women taking estrogen who develop
breast cancer have a better prognosis. During 8 to 18 years of follow-up of 256
postmenopausal women with breast cancer from our hospital, median survival time was 84
months for those who never used estrogen, 80 months for past users, and 143 months for
current users. More than 50 studies have shown that there is no increased risk of breast
cancer even with long-term estrogen use, while some studies suggest an increased risk.
Several studies indicate that when progestogens are added to estrogen therapy, there is a
significant reduction in the risk of breast carcinoma. Indirect evidence is accumulating
to show why added progestogen should decrease the risk of breast cancer. Preliminary
studies further indicate that estrogen therapy, which has been contraindicated in breast
cancer survivors in the past, may be safe, and added progestogens may decrease recurrences
and deaths. Some medical oncologists and surgeons now advocate estrogen use in women with
previous carcinoma of the breast.
- Language of Publication
- LA=ENG
- Unique Identifier
- 96240201
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Breast Neoplasms|CH/*CI/MO; Estrogen Replacement Therapy|*/AE
- MeSH Heading
- Adolescence; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Clinical Trials; Comparative Study;
Estrogens|AD/AE; Ethinyl Estradiol|AD/AE; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Human; Lymphatic
Metastasis; Meta-Analysis; Middle Age; Multicenter Studies; Postmenopause; Pregnancy;
Progestational Hormones|AD/AE; Receptors, Estradiol|AN; Receptors, Progesterone|AN; Risk
Factors; Time Factors
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW REVIEW, TUTORIAL
- ISSN
- 1063-3987
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
- CAS Registry/EC Number
- 0 (Estrogens); 0 (Progestational Hormones); 0 (Receptors, Estradiol); 0 (Receptors,
Progesterone); 57-63-6 (Ethinyl Estradiol)
- Title
- Hormone replacement therapy as treatment of breast cancer--a phase II study of Org OD 14
(tibilone).
- Author
- O'Brien M; Montes A; Powles TJ
- Address
- Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, UK.
- Source
- Br J Cancer, 1996 May, 73:9, 1086-8
- Abstract
- Org OD 14 (tibilone) is a synthetic steroid, designed to combine the favourable effects
of oestrogens, progestagens and androgens into a single substance for use as hormone
replacement therapy (HRT). Given its antiovulatory properties, the ability to control
menopausal symptoms and blocking action on progesterone receptors, Org OD 14 was
considered as an agent with potential anti-cancer activity while at the same time helping
existing menopausal symptoms. In this phase II study, 14 post-menopausal women with
advanced or metastatic breast cancer, who had failed on tamoxifen, were treated with Org
OD 14. The median duration of treatment was 12 weeks and all patients stopped because of
progressive disease with or without toxicity. Vaginal bleeding occurred in four patients,
three of whom had recently stopped tamoxifen. One response was seen: an 82-year-old
patient had a partial response in an axillary soft tissue mass, improvement in liver
function tests and an improvement in her performance status that lasted over 6 months. One
patient with progressive disease on Org OD 14 improved on stopping the drug. In view of
the vaginal bleeding, Org OD 14 should not be given to patients who have recently stopped
tamoxifen.
- Language of Publication
- LA=ENG
- Unique Identifier
- 96210992
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal|AE/*TU; Breast Neoplasms|*DT/PA; Estrogen Replacement
Therapy|*; Norpregnenes|AE/*TU
- MeSH Heading
- Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Human; Middle Age; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm
Staging; Patient Compliance; Poisson Distribution; Receptors, Estrogen|AN; Support,
Non-U.S. Gov't
- Publication Type
- CLINICAL TRIAL CLINICAL TRIAL, PHASE II JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0007-0920
- Country of Publication
- ENGLAND
- CAS Registry/EC Number
- 0 (Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal); 0 (Norpregnenes); 0 (Receptors, Estrogen);
5630-53-5 (tibolone)
Return To The Article
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