The reference was:
The rocks are NOT alive, but the fishnet IS alive. That means that the fishnet part of this combination can grow. Rocks don’t grow!
As I was doing my research for this issue of Viewpoint, I thought I had hit a gold mine when I found a book by Dr. Alan R. Gaby, Preventing and Reversing Osteoporosis. Unfortunately, this Book is just so-so! At least it doesn’t have a bunch of false data in it, but it’s not very interesting and he misses the opportunity to present bone restoration in a strong, positive way. He also makes a mistake common to many doctors – he fails to differentiate between the living matrix and the non-living mineral part of bone.
Thus, many science writers will refer to "bone" as a homogeneous substance which is alive! Bone can ONLY be understood by seeing that it has the TWO components described in this Viewpoint.
I find that scientists often fail to understand "life," as a part of nature.
Some scientific studies make reference to the part of the bone which is "alive." For instance, one of the studies below includes the line:
"One of the characteristic features of mammalian and avian bone is a population of live cells of the osteoblast lineage distributed both on the surface and throughout the matrix."
See two examples of such studies below.
Future materials for foot surgery.
Latour RA Jr
Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, South Carolina, USA.
Clin Podiatr Med Surg, 1995 Jul, 12:3, 519-44
Important advances have been made in the development of biomaterials science and engineering for foot surgery over the past four decades. In this paper, implant materials have been separated into two general categories: temporary implants for bone fixation and permanent implants for joint replacement. As presented, however, currently available temporary implants for bone fixation are often left in place permanently whereas, in the long run, permanent implants for joint replacement cannot realistically be expected to last the lifetime of the average-aged patient, and thus are actually only temporary. The benefits and problems of each of these two implant classes were first presented to set the stage for a discussion of possible future directions in the development of new biomaterials that offer the promise of providing improvements for patient care. For bone fixation in foot surgery, the most promising future biomaterials are presented as fully bioabsorbable polymer matrix composites. These implant materials have the potential for development to provide the initial strength and stiffness of currently used metal alloys without concern regarding implant removal. With the development of these materials, clinicians and patients will no longer be forced to choose between the risks of implant retrieval and the risks of leaving the implant behind. Current obstacles that must be overcome before these future materials can be introduced for general clinical use are related to improvements in mechanical property durability and degradation product biocompatibility. For joint replacement, tissue engineered viable biomaterials for permanent articular cartilage replacement are presented as the most important of the future biomaterials. If truly permanent joint replacement materials are to be developed, the implants must be able to regenerate and sustain themselves to permanently retain their properties. Living and sustainable tissues are therefore essential if implant properties are to be permanently maintained, because all nonviable materials are subject to eventual irreversible structural breakdown, degradation, and fatigue. Again, many problems remain to be solved before these envisioned future materials can be brought to accepted clinical use. However, substantial advances have already been achieved and have demonstrated the feasibility of the development of these materials. Biomaterials science and engineering remains a very challenging and exciting field of research and development. As technology advances, the problems that are faced become more complex and, more than ever, now require interdisciplinary cooperation from molecular and cell biologists, biomaterials scientists and engineers, and clinicians. This is especially true in the relatively new field of tissue engineering.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
LA=ENG
96012566
Biocompatible Materials|*/AE; Foot|*SU; Internal Fixators|AE/*TD; Joint Prosthesis|AE/*TD
Bone Substitutes; Foreign-Body Reaction; Human; Materials Testing
JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW REVIEW LITERATURE
0891-8422
UNITED STATES
0 (Biocompatible Materials); 0 (Bone Substitutes)
Osteocytes, strain detection, bone modeling and remodeling.
Lanyon LE
Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.
Calcif Tissue Int, 1993, 53 Suppl 1:, S102-6; discussion S106-7
One of the characteristic features of mammalian and avian bone is a population of live cells of the osteoblast lineage distributed both on the surface and throughout the matrix. These cells communicate with one another via gap junctions. A number of roles have been proposed for both osteocytes and the lacunar/canalicular labyrinth they occupy. These include arrest of fatigue cracks, mineral exchange, osteocytic osteolysis, renewed remodeling activity after release by resorption, stimulation, and guidance of osteoclastic cutting cones involved in mineral exchange and the repair of microdamage, strain detection, and the control of mechanically related bone modeling/remodeling. The question of whether osteocytes control or influence modeling and remodeling is of major importance. Such influence could be crucial in relation to three importance consequences of remodeling activity: calcium regulation, microdamage repair, and mechanically adaptive control of bone architecture. Mechanically adaptive control of bone architecture requires feedback concerning the relationship between current loading and existing architecture. This feedback is most probably derived from the strain in the matrix. The arrangement of the osteocyte network seems ideally suited to both perceive strain throughout the matrix and to influence adaptive modeling and remodeling in a strain-related manner. The hypothesis that osteocytes perform this role has growing experimental support.
LA=ENG
94101471
Bone Remodeling|DE/*PH; Osteocytes|CY/DE/*PH
Animal; Birds; Bone Resorption|ME/PA; Calcitriol|PD; Cell Communication; Cell Division|DE/PH; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase|ME; Mammals; Parathyroid Hormones|PD; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW REVIEW, TUTORIAL
0171-967X
UNITED STATES
EC 1.1.1.49 (Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase); 0 (Parathyroid Hormones); 32222-06-3 (Calcitriol)
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