Meanings and Derivations Of EDTA

CALCIUM EDTA vs MAGNESIUM EDTA

Acid

Free Form

Free Form Amino Acid

Free Form EDTA

Ethylene Diamine Tetra-acetic Acid or "EDTA"

also often listed as:

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

Ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) is a man-made amino acid chelating agent with a particular affinity for toxic metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium and aluminum. Should EDTA meet up with such toxic substances, the material is sequestered, then secreted in bodily wastes. (source)

EDTA is an acronym for magnesium disodium Ethylene Diamine Tetracetic Acid. It's FDA approved use is for acute or chronic lead poisoning. (source no longer on the web)

EDTA is a synthetic amino acid first used in the 1940's for treatment of heavy metal poisoning. It is widely recognized as effective for that use as well as certain others, including emergency treatment of hypercalcemia and the control of ventricular arrhythmias associated with digitalis toxicity. Studies by the National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council in the late 1960's indicated that EDTA was considered possibly effective in the treatment of occlusive vascular disorders caused by arteriosclerosis. EDTA grabs metallic cation such as Lead or Calcium from the body and forms a stable compound that is then excreted from the system. The stability of this bond is vital to success in chelation therapy. If the bond is weak, other chemicals can break this bond to form their own compounds. (source) [Karl Note: This link has an excellent story about how IV chelation works. I have written some comments to show the weaknesses.]

Possible Interactions with Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA)

Animal studies suggest that EDTA may increase the absorption of cefmetazole, an antibiotic; however, further studies in humans are needed to draw definitive conclusions for people. (source)

[Karl Note: I assume from the following (research proposal) that EDTA was used to clean surfaces of weapons, for instance, to remove radioactive (toxic metal) material, and that the EDTA is then found to be extremely strong in its ability to bind to the toxic metals involved -- thus EDTA binding to toxic metals seems to be very long lasting -- a good sign if you want the binding process to last and prevent the toxic metals from getting back into the environment.]

Forty years of nuclear reactor and weapons manufacturing operations in the United States have resulted in the subsurface co-disposal of radioactive material and the synthetic chelating agents, such as EDTA, that were originally used to clean the equipment. Radioactivity has been detected in sediments and groundwater away from the disposal sites indicating that transport through the subsurface is occurring. The presence of EDTA and its interaction with radioactive and heavy metal ions are implicated in this transport. EDTA forms stable, water-soluble complexes with metals hindering their adsorption to soil particle surfaces. Biodegradation of EDTA in these environments can lead to enhanced adsorption and immobilization of the radionuclides and heavy metals. However, limited research on the biogeochemistry of such systems has made specification of procedures for encouraging EDTA biodegradation and preventing radionuclide migration difficult. (Source)

[Karl Note: Here are clickable links to descriptions of different forms of "EDTA" and also the "CAS" numbers for each:

•	Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid	60-00-4
•	Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid calcium disodium salt	62-33-9
•	Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid dipotassium salt, dihydrate	25102-12-9
•	Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid sodium salt dihydrate	6381-92-6
•	Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tetrasodium salt dihydrate	10378-23-1
•	Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid trisodium salt SOURCE	150-38-9

EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid)

SOURCE

EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is a common sequestrant and antioxidant added to foods, body care, and household products. It occurs as disodium calcium EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, and disodium dihydrogen EDTA. As a sequestrant, it binds trace minerals such as copper, iron and nickel that may be in the product. If not inactivated, these minerals will lead to discoloration, rancidity and textural breakdown. When added as an antioxidant, EDTA prevents oxygen from causing color changes and rancidity.

EDTA as a Food Additive/Preservative
FDA has approved EDTA as a food additive that is generally recognized as safe (See the US Code of Federal Regulations-21 CFR 172.135 and 21 CFR 173.315). The average usage concentration is 100 to 300 parts per million. EDTA can perform the following specific functions in food: sequestering metals, preventing discoloration of potato products, stabilizing vitamins, preventing discoloration of fish and shellfish, preventing flavor changes in milk, inhibiting the thickening of stored condensed milk, enhancing the foaming properties of reconstituted skim milk, preventing color changes of scrambled eggs prepared from egg powder, preserving canned legume, preventing gushing in beer, promoting flavor retention and delaying loss of carbonation in soft drinks, preventing oxidation of meat products, and preventing discoloration of canned fruits and vegetables.

EDTA in Body Care, Household Products and Pharmaceuticals
EDTA is often added to detergents, liquid soaps, shampoos, agricultural chemical sprays, pharmaceutical products, oil emulsions and to textiles to improve dyeing, scouring and detergent operations. It is used as a metal chelating agent, in metal cleaning and plating, in the treatment of chlorosis, to decontaminate radioactive surfaces, as a metal deactivator in vegetable oils, as an anticoagulant of blood, as an antioxidant, in the clarification of liquids, in analytical chemistry spectrophotometric titration, to aid in reducing blood cholesterol, to treat lead poisoning and calcinosis. EDTA salts are also added to products in the place of phosphate compounds used to reduce calcium and magnesium hardness in water. It can prevent bleaching agents from becoming active before they're immersed in water.

Some household product manufacturers have alleged that EDTA does not readily biodegrade and, once introduced into the general environment, can re-dissolve toxic heavy metals trapped in underwater sediments-allowing them to reenter the food chain. However, other manufacturers cite research data that indicates EDTA degrades in an appropriate time and manner when exposed to air and light. With regard to human toxicity, current data suggests that EDTA has a very low toxicity and is safe in foods and other consumer products.

Ethylene

TOP

Acid

ethylene

Organic Chemistry
• H₂C=CH₂, a highly flammable, colorless gas, slightly soluble in water and alcohol; boils at –103.9ºC; used in plastic and resin preparation, in welding and cutting metals, and as an anesthetic, a refrigerant, and a fruit ripening accelerator. (source)

Ethylene
(Eth"yl*ene) n. [From Ethyl.] (Chem.) A colorless, gaseous hydrocarbon, C₂H₄, forming an important ingredient of illuminating gas, and also obtained by the action of concentrated sulphuric acid in alcohol. It is an unsaturated compound and combines directly with chlorine and bromine to form oily liquids (Dutch liquid), — hence called olefiant gas. Called also ethene, elayl, and formerly, bicarbureted hydrogen.

Ethylene series (Chem.), the series of unsaturated hydrocarbons of which ethylene is the type, and represented by the general formula CnH₂n. (source for this and the above)

Ethylene

Eth"yl*ene (?), n. [From Ethyl.] (Chem.) A colorless, gaseous hydrocarbon, C2H4, forming an important ingredient of illuminating gas, and also obtained by the action of concentrated sulphuric acid in alcohol. It is an unsaturated compound and combines directly with chlorine and bromine to form oily liquids (Dutch liquid), -- hence called olefiant gas. Called also ethene, elayl, and formerly, bicarbureted hydrogen. <-- is effective in hastening the ripening of certain fruits. --> Ethylene series (Chem.), the series if unsaturated hydrocarbons of which ethylene is the type, and represented by the general formula CnH2n. (source)

ETHYLENE
(Group 3)

For definition of Groups, see Preamble Evaluation.

VOL.: 60 (1994) (p. 45)
CAS No.: 74-85-1
Chem. Abstr. Name: Ethene

5. Summary of Data Reported and Evaluation

5.1 Exposure data

Ethylene, the petrochemical manufactured in largest volume worldwide, is produced primarily by the steam-cracking of hydrocarbons. It is used mainly as a chemical intermediate in the production of polymers and other industrial chemicals; small amounts are used to promote the ripening of fruits and vegetables. Ethylene is introduced into the environment from both natural and man-made sources, including emissions from vegetation, as a product of burning of organic material (such as cigarettes) and of incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, and in its production and use. Few data are available on levels of occupational exposure.

5.2 Human carcinogenicity data

The available data did not allow the Working Group to evaluate the carcinogenicity of ethylene to humans.

5.3 Animal carcinogenicity data

Ethylene was tested for carcinogenicity in one experiment in rats exposed by inhalation. No increase in tumour incidence was reported.

5.4 Other relevant data

Endogenous but unidentified sources of ethylene exist in man and experimental animals. Steady-state alveolar retention of ethylene is less than 10% in both man and rat. The biological half-time of ethylene in humans is about 0.65 h. In rats and man, the processes of uptake, exhalation and metabolism are described by first-order kinetics, at least up to 50 ppm; in rats, ethylene metabolism follows first-order kinetics up to about 80 ppm. The maximal rate of metabolism in rats is reached at about 1000 ppm, the initial metabolite being ethylene oxide; hydroxyethyl cysteine is a urinary metabolite in mice. Because ethylene metabolism can be saturated, the maximal possible concentration of ethylene oxide in rat tissues is about 0.34 nmol/ml (15 ng/g bw). Exposure to ethylene results in the formation of adducts with proteins. In nonsmokers, the background concentrations of the hydroxyethyl valine adduct of haemoglobin were 12-188 pmol/g haemoglobin. Environmental ethylene contributes to these concentrations; the endogenous contribution was calculated to be about 12 pmol/g haemoglobin in nonsmoking control subjects. The increment of N-terminal hydroxyethyl valine formed during a 40-h work week has been estimated as 100-120 pmol/g haemoglobin per part per million of ethylene. Tobacco smoke contributes to formation of this adduct: smoking 10-30 cigarettes/day was reported to result in 600-690 pmol/g haemoglobin. Background concentrations of 7-hydroxyethyl guanine were 8.5 nmol/g DNA in one study of human peripheral lymphocytes and ranged from 2 to 6 nmol/g DNA in various tissues of rats and mice. A single exposure of mice to 50 ppm ethylene for 1 h resulted in 0.1-0.2 nmol/g DNA. No data were available on the genetic and related effects of ethylene in exposed humans. In a single study, no micronuclei were induced in bone-marrow cells of mice and rats exposed in vivo. Gene mutation was not induced in Salmonella typhimurium. Although the genetic effects of ethylene have not been well studied, its metabolite, ethylene oxide, is genotoxic in a broad range of assays.

5.5 Evaluation

There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of ethylene.

There is inadequate evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of ethylene.

Overall evaluation

Ethylene is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3).

For definition of the italicized terms, see Preamble Evaluation.

Previous evaluation: Suppl. 7 (1987) (p. 63)

Synonyms

Acetene
Bicarburetted hydrogen
Elayl
Olefiant gas

Last updated 08/26/1997 (source)

The technical definition of alcohol is any class of organic compounds characterized by one or more hydroxyl (OH) groups attached to a carbon atom of an alkyl group (hydrocarbon chain). Ethyl alcohol, which is the type contained in beverages, is made by the fermentation of fruits, molasses, grains, and other agricultural products. It can also be mad industrially. Alcoholic beverages are made with ethyl alcohol for their physiological and psychological effects. (source)

Ethyl
(Eth"yl) n. [Ether + - yl.] (Chem.) A monatomic, hydrocarbon radical, C₂H₅ of the paraffin series, forming the essential radical of ethane, and of common alcohol and ether. (source)

Diamine

TOP

See separate page for Ethylene Diamine

Acid

(SOURCE)

Product Description: A low viscosity, low odor, biodegradable, liquid diamine featuring an odd carbon, ethyl-branched, asymmetric structure and differential amine reactivity.

Features:

Flexibility

As a comonomer or a curative, Dytek^® EP diamine offers lower polymer viscosity, crystallinity and Tg. Flexibility and polymer free volume are increased by incorporating the ethyl side branch.

Fluidity

Dytek^® EP diamine has a very low glass point, -117°C. Many low MW derivatives will also be liquids at or below ambient temperatures. For high MW derivatives, melt points are lowered. See Table 1.

Table 1
Melting Points (°C) of Diamine Derivatives

Diamine	Bis-trimellitimide	Bis-stearamide
ethylenediamine	-	146
1,2-propanediamine	324	-
1,3-pentanediamine (Dytek^® EP)	258	72
hexamethylenediamine	330	169

Reactivity

The terminal amine group is 100 times more reactive than the ethyl-hindered amine group. The reaction of a variety of reagents with the terminal amine occurs with greater than 9:1 selectivity.

Rheology

In formulated products the very low viscosity of Dytek^® EP diamine and its derivatives can improve flow, penetration, wetting, or solubility over straight chain diamines.

Applications:

Polyamide monomer: amorphous, or low MW resins for coatings, adhesives, sealants, and elastomers
Low viscosity urethane: extender, catalyst, diisocyanate
Low viscosity epoxy curative
Divalent amine solvent for sour gas, syngas, stack gas treatment
Surfactant: asphalt emulsifiers, textile treatment
Calcium scale inhibitor, liquid corrosion inhibitor
Additive: fuel and oil, plastic, petroleum and chemical processing

Typical Composition, wt % :

1,3-Pentanediamine	99
Other diamines	1
Water	500 ppm

General Information:

CAS Registry Number	589-37-7
CAS Name	1,3-Pentanediamine
Other Names	1,3-Diaminopentane, DAMP
Molecular Weight	102
H-equivalent Weight	25.5
Amine Value, mg KOH/g	1087
pK_a1, 25°C	10.97
pK_a2, 25°C	8.92
Solubility in Water	Miscible
Kow, 25°C, v/v, pH=12.3	0.47
Heat of Solution, 30°C, kcal/mole	9.9
Heat of Vaporization, 160°C, kcal/mole	15.9
Thermal Stability, DSC, 20-400°C, N₂	Stable
Boiling Point, °C	164
Vapor Pressure, mm Hg, 20°C (see Figure 2)	1
Glass Transition, Tg, °C (forms opaque solid)	-117
Flash Point, Closed Cup, °C (see Figure 5)	59
Viscosity, cP, 25°C	1.89
Surface Tension, dyne/cm, 24.5°C	32.2
Density, g/mL, 25°C (see Figure 3)	0.855
APHA Color, Pt-Co	<10
Odor	Slight
Solubility Parameters	; _d, _p, _H=10.6; 8.1, 3.5, 5.8
Refractive Index, 20°C/20°C	1.4512
Critical Properties (estimated)
Tc, °C	355.7
Vc, mL/mole	367.5
Pc, atm.	39.7

Figure 1. Phase Diagram of Aqueous Dytek^® EP Diamine Solutions at Atmospheric Pressure

Figure 2. Vapor Pressure of Dytek^® EP Diamine

Figure 3. Dytek^® EP Diamine Density

Figure 4. pH of Dytek^® EP Diamine Aqueous Solutions (25°C)

Figure 5. Flashpoint of Aqueous Solutions

MSDS:

Storage and Handling:

DOT/IMO Shipping Name:	Amines, Liquid, Corrosive, Flammable, N.O.S. (1,3-Pentanediamine)
DOT/IMO Hazard Classification:	8
UN No.:	2734
DOT/IMO Label:	Corrosive, Flammable
Packing Group:	I
Shipping Containers	Net Weight
Rail Car	64 t (140,000 lb)
Tank Truck	18 t (40,000 lb)
Isotank	16 t (36,000 lb)
HDPE Drum	181 kg (400 lb)
Steel Pail	16 kg (35 lb)

Notice: The information set forth herein is furnished free of charge and is based on technical data that DuPont believes to be reliable, provided that DuPont makes no representation or warranty as to the completeness or accuracy thereof. It is intended for use by persons having technical skill, at their own discretion and risk, who will make their own determination as to its suitability for their purposes prior to use. The handling precaution information contained herein is given with the understanding that those using it will satisfy themselves that their particular conditions of use present no health or safety hazards. As with any material, evaluation of any compound under end-use conditions prior to specification is essential. Nothing herein is to be taken as a license to operate under or a recommendation to infringe any patents. In no event will DuPont be responsible for damages of any nature whatsoever resulting from the use of or reliance upon the information contained herein or the product to which the information refers. NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR ANY OTHER NATURE ARE MADE HEREUNDER WITH RESPECT TO THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN OR THE PRODUCT TO WHICH THE INFORMATION REFERS.

1,2-Diaminoethane (CAS No. 107-15-3), commonly known as ethylenediamine (EDA), is a synthetic colourless to yellowish liquid at normal temperature and pressure. It is strongly alkaline and is miscible with water and alcohol. The main use for EDA is as an intermediate in the manufacture of tetraacetyl ethylenediamine, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), organic flocculants, urea resins, and fatty bisamides. It is also used, to a much smaller extent, in the production of formulations for use in the printed circuit board and metal finishing industries, as an accelerator/curing agent in epoxy coatings/resins, and in the manufacture of pharmaceutical products. EDA is present as a contaminant (<0.5%) in commercially supplied fatty amines, which are used as wetting agents in bituminous emulsions. It is also used in the synthesis of carbamate fungicides, in surfactant and dye manufacture, and in photography development chemicals and cutting oils. EDA is a degradation product of ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) fungicides. (source)

Tetra-acetic

TOP

Acid

Acid

TOP